Half term 1 Flashcards
Name the layers of the Earth, outside to inside with their state
crust - solid, mantle semi-molten, outer core- molten, inner core - solid
Name the three rock types with examples and if they are permeable
Sedimentary - permeable - limestone/sandstone, igneous - impermeable - granite, metamorphic - impermeable - slate.
Name the two types of igneous rock with their definitions
intrusive - formed inside the volcano
Extrusive - formed outside
How is igneous rock formed
Magma cools and sets
How is metamorphic rock formed (include by what)
igneous and sedimentary rock are exposed to extreme heat (caused by lava) or pressure (tectonic plates moving inwards)
How is sedimentary rock formed
1.Sediments are transported via a river. TRANSPORTATION.
2.They settle at the bottom of the sea. DEPOSITION.
3.They build up in layers (strata). SEDIMENTATION.
4. The top sediments squishes the bottom ones.
COMPACTION.
5.The water is squeezed out causing salt crystals to form, gluing the sediments together. CEMENTATION.
What is Pangea
A theoretical super continent that broke apart after the Jurassic period.
What is our evidence for Pangea
The continents fit together.
Similar fossils have been found far away.
What are tectonic plates
Big slabs of rock that lie beneath the crust
How do tectonic plates move
They move via convection currents, hot magma from the outer core goes towards the crust, cools and comes back down.
What is abrasion
materials scrape away at bank and bed
What is attrition
materials hit each other; becoming smaller
What is corrosion
material dissolved by the weak acidic water
What is hydraulic acid
Material removed by the force of water
Name the types of weathering
Biological, chemical, physical/mechanical
Give me a type of biological weathering, and how it happens
Plant roots: plant roots get into cracks in the rock. They get bigger and break away.
Give me an example of chemical weathering, and how it happens
Solution: slightly acid rainwater (because of the CO2 in the air) falls on rock (limestone) and dissolves it.
Give me two examples of physical (mechanical) weathering, and how they happen
- Freeze thaw: water gets in cracks in the rock. At night it freezes and expands. This puts pressure on the rock (which breaks apart.)
- Onion skin: he Sun warms up the rock and at night it cools. This exerts pressure on the rock which cracks and breaks.
What does permeable mean
Allows water to pass through it e.g., limestone
What does impermeable mean
Not allowing liquids to pass through it e.g., granite
What is continental drift
The gradual movement of continents across the Earth’s surface over time.
what is regolith
The layer of unconsolidated material covering the bedrock
What is bedrock
A layer of solid rock underneath soil or regolith
What is erosion
When water wears away rocks, soil and other materials from the Earth’s surface
What is weathering
The breakdown of rock in its place of origin
Solution
Material is dissolved in water
Suspension
Fine particles are carried along by water
Traction
Larger particles roll along the riverbed
Saltation
Particles bounce along the river bed.
