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History > Haitian Revolution > Flashcards

Haitian Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a revolution?

A

An historical event that results in dramatic change in society or government

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2
Q

What is the Haitian revolution

A

The Haitian revolution was a social and political upheaval in the french colony of saint domingue during 1791 - 1804

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3
Q

What was the treaty called between france and spain?

A

Treaty of Ryswick

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4
Q

When was the treaty?

A

1695

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5
Q

What happened during the treaty

A

Spain gave the french a legal right to the western part of Hispaniola

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6
Q

What was the colonial social pyramid of saint domingue like

A

Grand blancs
Petit Blancs
Colorured/Free blacks/Affranchis
Slaves

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7
Q

What was Haiti previously called

A

Saint Domingue

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8
Q

Who were grand blancs

A

they were wealthy planters, as well as french aristocrats

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9
Q

Who were petit blancs

A

They were Government officials, managers, overseers, professionals, and artisans

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10
Q

Who were free blacks / Affranchis

A

Theses were Affranchis; they were owners of 1/3 of lands and of many slaves but were despised by whites and discriminated against

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11
Q

Who were slaves

A

They were owned and abused by whites and coloured alike

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12
Q

How many of the populations were gand blancs

A

40,000

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13
Q

How many of the population were Petit Blancs

A

40,000

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14
Q

How many of the populations were Affranchis

A

28,000

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15
Q

How many of the population were slaves

A

452,000

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16
Q

what was the role of toussaint

A

A miliary leader in the haitian revolution

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17
Q

What was the role of toussaint before becoming a military leader

A

Toussaint was a slave

18
Q

What year did Toussaint die

A

1803

19
Q

When was toussaint born

A

1743

20
Q

When did Toussaint gain his freedom

A

1776

21
Q

When did the haitian revolution begin

A

1791

22
Q

When did Toussaint join the french republic side

A

1793

23
Q

When was Toussaint appointed as Governer General of Saint Domingue

A

1796

24
Q

When was the Napoleonic forces seeking to reimpose slavery

A

1802

25
Q

When was Toussaint captured

A

1802

26
Q

when did the Haitian revolution continue after Toussaint’s death?

A

1803

27
Q

When did haiti gain independence

A

1804

28
Q

Who was Jean-Jacques Dessalines

A

He was a Haitian revolutionary leader who played a vital role in securing Haitian independence from France. After Toussaint L’Ouverture was captured by the France, he took command and led the Haitian forces to victory

29
Q

Who fought alongside Toussaint After he was captured?

A

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

30
Q

Who was Toussaint Louverture captured by

A

The french

31
Q

When did Jean-Jacques Dessalines born and die

A

1758 - 1806

32
Q

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte

A

He was an emperor of France from 1804 to 1815. During his reign, he attempted to re-establish French control over Saint Domingue by sending a large expeditionary force led by his brother-in-law, General Charles Leclerc but were defeated by the Haitian army that was led by Dessalines

33
Q

When was Napoleon born and die

A

1769 - 1821

34
Q

what are the differences in some states of free coloreds

A

In some Caribbean regions, free coloreds had more rights and opportunities compared to other colonies

35
Q

What were Toussaint L’ouverture’s successes

A

Military Leadership - Toussaint L’ouverture skillfully maneuvered against various European powers and internal factions

Diplomacy - Successfully negotiated with different colonial power, including France, Britain, and Spain to secure strategic advantages for saint domingue

Abolition of Slavery - Played a crucial role in the abolition of slavery in saint Domingue

36
Q

What were Toussaint L’ouverture’challenges

A

Conflict with Mulatto Leaders - Experienced conflicts with mulatto leaders like Andre Rigaud which created divisions within the revolutionary forces.

Uncertain Loyalties - Faced challenges in maintaining loyalty among leaders and military commanders.

37
Q

Compare and contrast the social structures of pre-revolutionary Haiti and other colonies

A

Social Structure with pre-revolutionary Haiti:
Racial Hierarchy - The social structure in Haiti were categorised based on their racial background. Examples: Grand Blancs, Petit Blancs and African born.

Enslaved Population - Majority of the population consisted of enslaved individuals of African descents, which resulted to harsh conditions on plantations. These were found at the bottom of the social structure.

Limited rights for free coloreds - Despite being free, they were denied certain rights and privileges based on their race.

Social Structure with other Caribbean countries:
Varied Social Structure - Factors such as the extent of slavery, the presence of free coloreds, and the influence of different European powers led to diverse social systems

Influence of European Colonial Powers - The extent of control, economic practices, and treatment of different racial groups varied depending on the colonizing nation.

38
Q

List the produce that was done on the plantations in St. Domingue before 1789

A

Coffee
Sugar
Indigo
Cotton

39
Q

Who is a mulatto

A

Mulatto is a term used to define a child of mixed, black and white descents

40
Q

Explain the exclusive system

A

Manufactured goods that the colony needed they were compelled to buy from france. The goods were only to be transported in french ships

41
Q

Who was the head of Government in St. Domingue before 1789

A

King Louis XVI (16)

History (3 decks)

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