Haitian Revolution Flashcards
What is a revolution?
An historical event that results in dramatic change in society or government
What is the Haitian revolution
The Haitian revolution was a social and political upheaval in the french colony of saint domingue during 1791 - 1804
What was the treaty called between france and spain?
Treaty of Ryswick
When was the treaty?
1695
What happened during the treaty
Spain gave the french a legal right to the western part of Hispaniola
What was the colonial social pyramid of saint domingue like
Grand blancs
Petit Blancs
Colorured/Free blacks/Affranchis
Slaves
What was Haiti previously called
Saint Domingue
Who were grand blancs
they were wealthy planters, as well as french aristocrats
Who were petit blancs
They were Government officials, managers, overseers, professionals, and artisans
Who were free blacks / Affranchis
Theses were Affranchis; they were owners of 1/3 of lands and of many slaves but were despised by whites and discriminated against
Who were slaves
They were owned and abused by whites and coloured alike
How many of the populations were gand blancs
40,000
How many of the population were Petit Blancs
40,000
How many of the populations were Affranchis
28,000
How many of the population were slaves
452,000
what was the role of toussaint
A miliary leader in the haitian revolution
What was the role of toussaint before becoming a military leader
Toussaint was a slave
What year did Toussaint die
1803
When was toussaint born
1743
When did Toussaint gain his freedom
1776
When did the haitian revolution begin
1791
When did Toussaint join the french republic side
1793
When was Toussaint appointed as Governer General of Saint Domingue
1796
When was the Napoleonic forces seeking to reimpose slavery
1802
When was Toussaint captured
1802
when did the Haitian revolution continue after Toussaint’s death?
1803
When did haiti gain independence
1804
Who was Jean-Jacques Dessalines
He was a Haitian revolutionary leader who played a vital role in securing Haitian independence from France. After Toussaint L’Ouverture was captured by the France, he took command and led the Haitian forces to victory
Who fought alongside Toussaint After he was captured?
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
Who was Toussaint Louverture captured by
The french
When did Jean-Jacques Dessalines born and die
1758 - 1806
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte
He was an emperor of France from 1804 to 1815. During his reign, he attempted to re-establish French control over Saint Domingue by sending a large expeditionary force led by his brother-in-law, General Charles Leclerc but were defeated by the Haitian army that was led by Dessalines
When was Napoleon born and die
1769 - 1821
what are the differences in some states of free coloreds
In some Caribbean regions, free coloreds had more rights and opportunities compared to other colonies
What were Toussaint L’ouverture’s successes
Military Leadership - Toussaint L’ouverture skillfully maneuvered against various European powers and internal factions
Diplomacy - Successfully negotiated with different colonial power, including France, Britain, and Spain to secure strategic advantages for saint domingue
Abolition of Slavery - Played a crucial role in the abolition of slavery in saint Domingue
What were Toussaint L’ouverture’challenges
Conflict with Mulatto Leaders - Experienced conflicts with mulatto leaders like Andre Rigaud which created divisions within the revolutionary forces.
Uncertain Loyalties - Faced challenges in maintaining loyalty among leaders and military commanders.
Compare and contrast the social structures of pre-revolutionary Haiti and other colonies
Social Structure with pre-revolutionary Haiti:
Racial Hierarchy - The social structure in Haiti were categorised based on their racial background. Examples: Grand Blancs, Petit Blancs and African born.
Enslaved Population - Majority of the population consisted of enslaved individuals of African descents, which resulted to harsh conditions on plantations. These were found at the bottom of the social structure.
Limited rights for free coloreds - Despite being free, they were denied certain rights and privileges based on their race.
Social Structure with other Caribbean countries:
Varied Social Structure - Factors such as the extent of slavery, the presence of free coloreds, and the influence of different European powers led to diverse social systems
Influence of European Colonial Powers - The extent of control, economic practices, and treatment of different racial groups varied depending on the colonizing nation.
List the produce that was done on the plantations in St. Domingue before 1789
Coffee
Sugar
Indigo
Cotton
Who is a mulatto
Mulatto is a term used to define a child of mixed, black and white descents
Explain the exclusive system
Manufactured goods that the colony needed they were compelled to buy from france. The goods were only to be transported in french ships
Who was the head of Government in St. Domingue before 1789
King Louis XVI (16)
