Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > Hair/Skin/Nails/HEENT > Flashcards

Hair/Skin/Nails/HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms associated with Geographic Tongue

A

Peeling tongue

General discomfort or the tongue or mouth

Soreness or burning of the tongue which is worsened by spicy or acidic foods.

Insignificant finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Snoring can indicate

A

sleep apnea

Increased risk of cardiac event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epistaxis

A

nosebleeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mallampati classification

A

Pre-op scoring related to intubation and visualization of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Whispered voice test detects

A

high tone loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Weber hearing test

A

Tuning fork on top of head

Should hear sound equally loud in both ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rinne hearing test

A

Mastoid bone then air

Sound should be heard 2x as long by air conduction than by bone conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Otoscopic technique

adult vs child

A

Adult- pull pinna upward and backward

Child- pull pinna down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum

Should be pearly grey and slightly concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cone of Light reflux

A

7 o’clock in L ear
5 o’clock R ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vertigo

A

room spinning or spinning yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tinnitus

A

ringing or buzzing sound in ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Neuro

Presbycusis- age related nerve degeneration

Ototoxicity- drugs like antibiotics or NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Mechanical dysfunction from cerumen impaction, FBO, perforate TM, pus, or otosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organ of corti

A

Hair cells that bend and turn vibrations into electrical impulses which are carried to the brain by CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Papilledema

A

Occurs w/ increaed intracranial pressure across the optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

-flame hemorrhages
-AV nicking
-cotton wool spots
-hard exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

-dot/blot hemorrhages
-cotton wool spots
-hard exudate
-neovascularization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Red reflux

A

red glow filling the pt’s pupils

Inspection of the ocular fundus w/ ophthalmoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Corneal light reflux

A

Shine light toward the eyes. Light should be reflected at exactly the same spot in each cornea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conjugate movement

A

when both eyes move, their axis remain parallel

test using H-pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pupillary light reflex tests which cranial nerves?

A

CN II and CN III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

Involves adjustments in pupil size w/ changes in light levels

The reflex is consensual. Normally light that is directed in one eye produces pupil constriction in both eyes.

Must test direct and consensual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils are equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Accomodation

A

Change in pupil size in response to a closer object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Convergence

A

Motor movement of the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Conjuctivitis

A

bacterial, allergic, or viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pterygium

A

Abnormal growth of conjunctiva

Can impair vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is it normal for a pt’s eyes to approximate completely?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Leading causes of blindness in diabetic pts

Diabetic pts should have eye exam once a yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What cranial nerves make the eyes do tricks?

A

III, IV, and VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

EOMI

A

Extraocular movement is intact

Check by performing the cardinal fields of gaze - H pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How would you test cranial nerve XI (accessory)?

What complaints may a pt present w/ if there is damage to CN XI?

A

shrug shoulder and hold against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cranial nerves

Motor vs. accessory

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Butts Matter Most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cranial Nerves

Only Owls Observe Them Traveling And Finding Voldemort Guarding Very Secret Horcruxes

A

I- Olfactory
II- Optic
III- Oculomotor
IV- Trochlear
V- Trigeminal
VI- Abducens
VII- Facial
VIII- Vestibulocochlear
IX- Glossopharyngeal
X- Vagus
XI- Accessory
XII- Hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CN I
Olfactory

A

sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

CN II
Optic

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

CN III
Oculomotor

A

pupillary reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

CN IV
Trochlear

A

eye muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

CN V
Trigeminal

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

CN VI
Abducens

A

extrinsic muscle movement of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

CN VII
Facial

A

taste

facial movements- smiling, closing of eyes, frowning, production of tears, and salivary stimulation

43
Q

CN VIII
Vestibucochlear

A

sense of balance/equilibrium and sense of hearing

44
Q

CN IX
Glossopharyngeal

A

produces gag and swallowing reflux

taste

45
Q

CN X
Vagus

A

innervates muscles of throat and mouth for swallowing and talking

46
Q

CN XI
Accessory

A

movement of traps and sternocleidomastoid muscles

47
Q

CN XII
Hypoglossal

A

movement of tongue

48
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

> 1cm lymph node enlargement from infection, allergy, or neoplasm

49
Q

Stroke

A

Neuro

altered LOC, seizure activity, changes in vision, unequal pupils, speech difficulty, arm drift, paralysis of other limbs, unilateral facial paralysis/droop

Stroke spares the eyes as far as motor skills

50
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

motor skills

sudden onset of stroke like sx, unilateral facial paralysis w/loss of blink control on affected side, decreased tearing, drooping of mouth on affected side, within 48 hrs –> altered taste, slurring, speech, drooling, ear pain, sound hypersensitivity on affected side

51
Q

What is the priority when assessing a pt w/ facial asymmetry?

A

Asymmetry could be an abnormal sign

–> stroke, lesion, or CN damage

52
Q

Clubbing is common in

A

COPD pts

53
Q

Where can we check cap. refill if pt has nail polish on?

A

Instead of nail bed, look at opposite side of finger

54
Q

Diminished cap. refill suggests?

A

poor perfusion

55
Q

Nail assessment

Inspect and palpate

A

shape, contour, consistency, and color

cap. refill should be <2-3 seconds

56
Q

Hirsutism

A

hair growth

Ex: facial hair like beards in women

57
Q

Alopecia

A

may be toxic (chemo or illness) or a result of traction (tight braids, ponytails, ,waves, or barrettes)

58
Q

Hair assessment

Inspect and palpate

A

Color, texture, distribution, and lesions

59
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Malignant skin lesions

-may arise from pre-existing moles
-usually brown can be mixed pigment
-irregular and notched borders

Any growth of a mole should be of concern

60
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Malignant skin lesions

-arise from actinic keratinosis
-erythematous (red) scaly patch
-usually on hands or head
-bald scalps at higher risk
-grows rapidly

61
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Malignant skin lesions

-most common skin cancer
-face, ears scalp, and shoulders
-small pink or red papule
-looks like a large pore

62
Q

Other pressure injuries

A

Pressure injuries caused by medical devices - nasal cannula, IV hub, tubing

Common sites- heels, sacrum, butt, and coccyx

63
Q

Pressure Injury

Unstageable

A

black, dead, necrotic tissue

64
Q

Pressure Injury

Stage 4

A

involves all skin layers extends to bone, tendons, and muscle

65
Q

Pressure Injury

Stage 3

A

crater like, fat tissue exposed, rolled edges

66
Q

Pressure Injury

Stage 2

A

looks like a blister, partial thickness skin loss

67
Q

Pressure Injury

Stage 1

A

non-blanchable, erythema

68
Q

Pressure Injuries

A

found over bony prominences

decreased blood circulation-ischemia (cell death)

pts typically lying down

common sites- heels, ischium, sacrum, elbow, scapula, vertebra, ankle, rib, and shoulder

69
Q

Regularly assess the incontinent pt for signs of urine and feces

Lift skin folds for moisture

A

diaper dermatitis

Candidiasis- fungal infection

70
Q

Purpura

A

-extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymosis
-red, non-blanchable
->3mm

71
Q

Ecchymosis

A

severe bruising

72
Q

Contusion

A

bruises

usually due to mechanical injury

73
Q

Petechiae

A

-red, purple, or brown
-bleeding from superficial capillaries
-non-blanchable
-tiny 1-3 mm

74
Q

Zosterform

A

linear along unilateral nerve route

Ex: Herpes Zoster (shingles)

75
Q

Grouped

A

clusters

Ex: poison ivy

76
Q

Discrete

A

individual lesions, separate

Ex: wart, skin tags, acne

77
Q

Confluent

A

lesions which run together

Ex: hives

78
Q

Annular

A

circular

Ex: ringworm

79
Q

Secondary skin lesions

A

crust- scab, impetigo
scale- psoriasis
lichenification- chronic dermatitis
erosion- scratches
ulcer- pressure injury
fissure- athlete’s foot, cracks on mouth
scar- surgical healing
keloid- ear piercing

80
Q

Keloid

Secondary

A

-elevated and irregular
-darkened area of excess scare tissue, benign
-fibrous tissue replacement large scar and deformity
-original injuries include surgery, acne, ear piercings, infections, and burns

81
Q

Scar

Secondary

A

-fibrotic change
-irregular area of connective tissue- collagen replaces normal tissue to repair skin lesion

82
Q

Fissure

Secondary

A

-linear break in skin surface
-not related to trauma

83
Q

Ulcer

Secondary

A

-deeper depression, loss of skin surface
-may bleed
-irregularly shaped
-will scar

84
Q

Erosion

Secondary

A

-wearing away of superficial epidermis
-moist, shallow depression w/o bleeding
-no scar when healed

85
Q

Lichenification

Secondary

A

-rough and thickened
-secondary to chronic irritation (itching)

86
Q

Scale

Secondary

A

-shedding flakes
-keratinized cells
-flakey

87
Q

Crust

Secondary

A

-dry blood or pus
-from vesicles or pustules
-scabs

88
Q

Primary skin lesions

A

macule- freckle
patch- vitiligo, Mongolian Patch
papule- molloscum contagiosum
plaque- psoriosis
pustule- acne
wheal- bug bite, TB skin test
nodule- mole
tumor- squamous cell carcinoma
vesicle- herpes
bulla- burn, large blister

89
Q

Pustule

Primary

A

-similar to vesicle but w/ pus

90
Q

Wheal

Primary

A

-raised
-irregular shaped
-reddish and edematous

91
Q

Nodule & tumor

Primary

A

-elevated
-solid
-hard or soft mass
-deeper in dermis than papule

nodule 0.5 cm -2 cm
tumors > 2 cm

92
Q

Vesicle & bulla

Primary

A

-elevated
-fluid filled
-round or oval
-on top of skin
-translucent walls

vesicle < 0.5 cm
bulla > 0.5 cm

93
Q

Cyst

Primary

A

-elevated
-distinct
-walled off, encapsulated
-containing fluid or semi-solid material
-originates in subcutaneous or dermis

94
Q

Module & patch

Primary

A

-flat
-nonpalpable
-discolored
-circumscribed bored

macule <1 cm
patch >1 cm

95
Q

Papule & plaque

Primary

A

-elevated
-solid
-palpable
-circumscribed border
-any color

papules < 0.5 cm
plaque > 0.5 cm

96
Q

Primary & secondary skin lesions

A

traumatic or pathologic changes in previously normal structures

primary- develops on unaltered or “normal” skin

secondary- when a lesion changes over time or results from scratching, infection

color, elevation, pattern/shape, size, location & distribution, bruising

97
Q

Mobility & turgor

A

Both assess elasticity of the skin

tenting

98
Q

Edema

A

swelling

Edema fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces

pitting vs non-pitting

4 point scale
1+ mild
2+ moderate
3+ moderate to severe
4+ deep pitting

99
Q

Skin temp

A

palpate skin

should be warm and equal bilaterally

100
Q

Pallor

A

White

-high acute stress (anxiety or fear)
-vasoconstriction from cold to cig. smoking
-edema
-darker skin –> assess mucous membrane, lips, and nail beds

101
Q

Erythema

A

Red

-intense redness from dilated superficial capillaries
-fever, inflammation, emotional reactions (blushing)
-darker skin –> palpate the skin for increased warmth or edema

102
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue

-blueish mottled color from decreased perfusion & increased levels of deoxygenated blood
-lips, nose, cheeks, ears ,and oral mucous membranes
-can be non-specific sign
-decreased oxygen to brain
-check LOC and resp. distress
-hard to observe on darker skin

103
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow

-increased levels of bilirubin in the blood
-abnormal outside newborn cases
-1st noted in the palate junction and sclera
-may be present in skin covering body as a late sign as levels rise
-darker skin –> confused with normal finding of sub-conjunctival fatty deposits

104
Q

ABCDEF
skin assessment of a lesion

A

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Elevation or evolution
Funny looking

Health Assessment (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions