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Block 10 module 3 > Hair and nail disorders > Flashcards

Hair and nail disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

responsible for
thermoregulation found in finger pads underneath
the nail

A

Glomus body/ apparatus

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2
Q

skin that surrounds the
nail plate. The proximal nail fold (PNF) overlies the
(matrix which synthesizes 90-95% of the nail plate).

A

Proximal and lateral nail folds

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3
Q

hard translucent DEAD keratin. Fully
keratinized structure continuously produced throughout
life.

A

Nail plate

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4
Q

(white half-moon) - is the visible distal aspect of

the nail matrix and is continuous with the nail bed.

A

Lunula

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5
Q

its keratinization produces a thin horny layer

that forms the ventral nail plate.

A

Nail bed

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6
Q

keratin layer of the matrix that extends to the
nail plate. It is firmly attached to the superficial nail plate
and prevents separation of the nail plate and nail fold.

A

Cuticle

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7
Q

specialized epithelial structure which has

keratinocyte that divide in the basal cell layer.

A

Nail matrix

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8
Q

this is where a lot of debris insert
causing the rise of the nail plate leading to
oncholysis

A

Hyponichium

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9
Q

Pathognomonic of Psoriasis (confirmatory)

A

oil spots

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10
Q

(separation of the nail plate from nail bed)

A

onycholysis

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11
Q

what happens in onycholysis

A

There is an accumulation of

cells underneath the nail plate resulting to separation.

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12
Q

nail disorders associated with skin disease

A

psoriasis

Lichen planus

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13
Q

severe inflammation of the matrix leads to

A

adhesion of the proximal nail fold to the scarred matrix

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14
Q

Acute staphylococcal infection;

Infection of the lateral or posterior nail folds

A

Acute paronychia

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15
Q

Can result from contact dermatitis and cuticle
manipulation;
Shiny swelling of the posterior nail fold, loss of the
cuticle, and discolored dystrophic nail

A

chronic Paronychia

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16
Q

Pseudomonas superinfection;

Green discoloration with onycholysis

A

Green Nails

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17
Q

infection of the closed space between fascial planes

at the terminal phalanx of the finger

A

Herpetic Whitlow

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18
Q

triangular strips of skin from the nail folds

A

Hang Nail

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19
Q

White spots or bands

A

Leukonychia

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20
Q

what causes distal nail splitting

A

repeated water immersion

frequent use of nail polish

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21
Q

Longitudinal band of horizontal groove with yellow

discoloration

A

Habitat tic Deformity

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22
Q

causes of habitat tic deformity

A

biting

picking of the PNF with the index finger

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23
Q

Longitudinal split in the center;

fir tree appearance

A

Median Nail dystrophy

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24
Q

Inward folding of the lateral edges of the nails.

A

Pincer Nail (Curvature)

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25
Transverse depressions in response to stressful events
Beau's Line
26
Nails: curve, thicken, becomes yellow, 50% | spontaneous resolution
Yellow nail syndrome
27
what causes yellow nail syndrome
lymphedema | chronic resp condition
28
test for clubbing
schamroth test
29
causes of finger clubbing
cyanotic chd | pulmonary disease
30
lateral elevation of nails with central depression related to anemia (50%)
spoon nails (koilonychia)
31
Lateral elevation, central depression; White or light pink but retain 0.5 to 3mm normal pink distal band
Terry's Nail
32
Causes of Terry's nail
cirrhosis congestife heart failure adult onset DM
33
sandpaper texture, very rough, lacking | luster
Trachyonychia
34
painless, slow growth, Hutchinson’s sign, Acral | lentiginous
melanoma
35
there is extension of the pigmentation around the fingers, even beyond the nail plate
Hutchinson's sign
36
causes of longitudinal melanonychia
drug induced endocrine (addison's) LM asociated with HIV Nutritional LM
37
Fingernail/toenail shedding
onychomadesis
38
causes of onychomadesis
idiopathic | HFM disease
39
functions of the hair
protection regulation of body temp facilitates evap of perspiration
40
thick and pigmented hair; influenced by | androgens ( scalp, beard, axillary hair, pubic)
Terminal Hair
41
fine hairs found on the fetus, sheds at | 1 month before birth
Lanugo hairs
42
short, fine non-pigmented hairs (hairs | on the rest of the body)
vellus hair
43
3 sections of the hair follicle
infundibulum isthmus inferior segment
44
DEAD protein, formed by compact cells | covered by a cuticle composed of platelike scales
hair shaft
45
surface to the sebaceous gland
infundibulum
46
from the duct to the insertion of the | erector pili muscle
isthmus
47
from the muscle insertion to the | matrix (exists only during the anagen phase).
inferior segment
48
there is falling out of the hair from the | roots.
effluvium
49
seen in patients who had | readiation therapy and chemotherapy
annagen effluvium
50
Physiologic reaction induced by androgens in | genetically predisposed individuals.
androgenetic alopecia
51
Androgen dependent parts of the scalp
top. Frontoparietal | and central areas
52
Androgen independent
sides and back of the scalp | occipital
53
Progression of various patterns of AGA is classified | using the
Hamilton Norwood Classification
54
cause of Female androgenetic alopecia
increase in Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
55
In Androgenetic Alopecia, there is | miniaturization of terminal hair caused by
dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone is | converted to DHT by 5-alpha reductase.
56
alopecia totalis vs universalis
in totalis there is complete loss of terminal hair on the scalp. in universalis the total loss of scalp and body hair
57
Impulse control disorder with the compulsion to pull out one’s hair. The Hair is twisted around the finger and pulled until extracted or broken
Trichotillomania
58
Due to continuous pressure applied to the area
traction alopecia
59
common cause of | scarring alopecia
CCLE or discoid LE
60
causes destruction of the hair | follicles and results in irreversible hair loss
scarring alopecia
61
``` Slowly progressive; Smooth white patches of hair loss; No follicular openings Hairs easily pulled out; Associated with LP ```
Lichen planopiliaris
62
Resembles alopecia areata; | End-stage cicatricial alopecia
pseudopelae of Brocq
63
inflammatory nodules -> boggy ridges with pus
Dissecting Cellulitis
64
multiple papules and pustules usually around the nape and after a while, develop keloid. Very difficult to treat
acne keloidalis
65
Inflamed hair follicles -> Bogginess and induration of scalp -> Redness, swelling, pustules, erosion crusts
folliculitis decalvans

Block 10 module 3 (4 decks)

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