Hair and nail disorders Flashcards
responsible for
thermoregulation found in finger pads underneath
the nail
Glomus body/ apparatus
skin that surrounds the
nail plate. The proximal nail fold (PNF) overlies the
(matrix which synthesizes 90-95% of the nail plate).
Proximal and lateral nail folds
hard translucent DEAD keratin. Fully
keratinized structure continuously produced throughout
life.
Nail plate
(white half-moon) - is the visible distal aspect of
the nail matrix and is continuous with the nail bed.
Lunula
its keratinization produces a thin horny layer
that forms the ventral nail plate.
Nail bed
keratin layer of the matrix that extends to the
nail plate. It is firmly attached to the superficial nail plate
and prevents separation of the nail plate and nail fold.
Cuticle
specialized epithelial structure which has
keratinocyte that divide in the basal cell layer.
Nail matrix
this is where a lot of debris insert
causing the rise of the nail plate leading to
oncholysis
Hyponichium
Pathognomonic of Psoriasis (confirmatory)
oil spots
(separation of the nail plate from nail bed)
onycholysis
what happens in onycholysis
There is an accumulation of
cells underneath the nail plate resulting to separation.
nail disorders associated with skin disease
psoriasis
Lichen planus
severe inflammation of the matrix leads to
adhesion of the proximal nail fold to the scarred matrix
Acute staphylococcal infection;
Infection of the lateral or posterior nail folds
Acute paronychia
Can result from contact dermatitis and cuticle
manipulation;
Shiny swelling of the posterior nail fold, loss of the
cuticle, and discolored dystrophic nail
chronic Paronychia
Pseudomonas superinfection;
Green discoloration with onycholysis
Green Nails
infection of the closed space between fascial planes
at the terminal phalanx of the finger
Herpetic Whitlow
triangular strips of skin from the nail folds
Hang Nail
White spots or bands
Leukonychia
what causes distal nail splitting
repeated water immersion
frequent use of nail polish
Longitudinal band of horizontal groove with yellow
discoloration
Habitat tic Deformity
causes of habitat tic deformity
biting
picking of the PNF with the index finger
Longitudinal split in the center;
fir tree appearance
Median Nail dystrophy
Inward folding of the lateral edges of the nails.
Pincer Nail (Curvature)
Transverse depressions in response to stressful events
Beau’s Line
Nails: curve, thicken, becomes yellow, 50%
spontaneous resolution
Yellow nail syndrome
what causes yellow nail syndrome
lymphedema
chronic resp condition
test for clubbing
schamroth test
causes of finger clubbing
cyanotic chd
pulmonary disease
lateral elevation of nails with central depression related to anemia (50%)
spoon nails (koilonychia)
Lateral elevation, central depression;
White or light pink but retain 0.5 to 3mm normal pink
distal band
Terry’s Nail
Causes of Terry’s nail
cirrhosis
congestife heart failure
adult onset DM
sandpaper texture, very rough, lacking
luster
Trachyonychia
painless, slow growth, Hutchinson’s sign, Acral
lentiginous
melanoma
there is extension of the
pigmentation around the fingers, even beyond the
nail plate
Hutchinson’s sign
causes of longitudinal melanonychia
drug induced
endocrine (addison’s)
LM asociated with HIV
Nutritional LM
Fingernail/toenail shedding
onychomadesis
causes of onychomadesis
idiopathic
HFM disease
functions of the hair
protection
regulation of body temp
facilitates evap of perspiration
thick and pigmented hair; influenced by
androgens ( scalp, beard, axillary hair, pubic)
Terminal Hair
fine hairs found on the fetus, sheds at
1 month before birth
Lanugo hairs
short, fine non-pigmented hairs (hairs
on the rest of the body)
vellus hair
3 sections of the hair follicle
infundibulum
isthmus
inferior segment
DEAD protein, formed by compact cells
covered by a cuticle composed of platelike scales
hair shaft
surface to the sebaceous gland
infundibulum
from the duct to the insertion of the
erector pili muscle
isthmus
from the muscle insertion to the
matrix (exists only during the anagen phase).
inferior segment
there is falling out of the hair from the
roots.
effluvium
seen in patients who had
readiation therapy and chemotherapy
annagen effluvium
Physiologic reaction induced by androgens in
genetically predisposed individuals.
androgenetic alopecia
Androgen dependent parts of the scalp
top. Frontoparietal
and central areas
Androgen independent
sides and back of the scalp
occipital
Progression of various patterns of AGA is classified
using the
Hamilton Norwood Classification
cause of Female androgenetic alopecia
increase in Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
In Androgenetic Alopecia, there is
miniaturization of terminal hair caused by
dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone is
converted to DHT by 5-alpha reductase.
alopecia totalis vs universalis
in totalis there is complete loss of terminal hair on the scalp. in universalis the total loss of scalp and body hair
Impulse control disorder with the compulsion to pull out
one’s hair. The Hair is twisted around the finger and
pulled until extracted or broken
Trichotillomania
Due to continuous pressure applied to the area
traction alopecia
common cause of
scarring alopecia
CCLE or discoid LE
causes destruction of the hair
follicles and results in irreversible hair loss
scarring alopecia
Slowly progressive; Smooth white patches of hair loss; No follicular openings Hairs easily pulled out; Associated with LP
Lichen planopiliaris
Resembles alopecia areata;
End-stage cicatricial alopecia
pseudopelae of Brocq
inflammatory nodules -> boggy ridges with pus
Dissecting Cellulitis
multiple papules and pustules usually around the
nape and after a while, develop keloid. Very
difficult to treat
acne keloidalis
Inflamed hair follicles -> Bogginess and induration
of scalp -> Redness, swelling, pustules, erosion
crusts
folliculitis decalvans
