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Block 10 module 3 > Hair and nail disorders > Flashcards

Hair and nail disorders Flashcards

1
Q

responsible for
thermoregulation found in finger pads underneath
the nail

A

Glomus body/ apparatus

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2
Q

skin that surrounds the
nail plate. The proximal nail fold (PNF) overlies the
(matrix which synthesizes 90-95% of the nail plate).

A

Proximal and lateral nail folds

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3
Q

hard translucent DEAD keratin. Fully
keratinized structure continuously produced throughout
life.

A

Nail plate

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4
Q

(white half-moon) - is the visible distal aspect of

the nail matrix and is continuous with the nail bed.

A

Lunula

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5
Q

its keratinization produces a thin horny layer

that forms the ventral nail plate.

A

Nail bed

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6
Q

keratin layer of the matrix that extends to the
nail plate. It is firmly attached to the superficial nail plate
and prevents separation of the nail plate and nail fold.

A

Cuticle

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7
Q

specialized epithelial structure which has

keratinocyte that divide in the basal cell layer.

A

Nail matrix

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8
Q

this is where a lot of debris insert
causing the rise of the nail plate leading to
oncholysis

A

Hyponichium

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9
Q

Pathognomonic of Psoriasis (confirmatory)

A

oil spots

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10
Q

(separation of the nail plate from nail bed)

A

onycholysis

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11
Q

what happens in onycholysis

A

There is an accumulation of

cells underneath the nail plate resulting to separation.

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12
Q

nail disorders associated with skin disease

A

psoriasis

Lichen planus

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13
Q

severe inflammation of the matrix leads to

A

adhesion of the proximal nail fold to the scarred matrix

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14
Q

Acute staphylococcal infection;

Infection of the lateral or posterior nail folds

A

Acute paronychia

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15
Q

Can result from contact dermatitis and cuticle
manipulation;
Shiny swelling of the posterior nail fold, loss of the
cuticle, and discolored dystrophic nail

A

chronic Paronychia

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16
Q

Pseudomonas superinfection;

Green discoloration with onycholysis

A

Green Nails

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17
Q

infection of the closed space between fascial planes

at the terminal phalanx of the finger

A

Herpetic Whitlow

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18
Q

triangular strips of skin from the nail folds

A

Hang Nail

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19
Q

White spots or bands

A

Leukonychia

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20
Q

what causes distal nail splitting

A

repeated water immersion

frequent use of nail polish

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21
Q

Longitudinal band of horizontal groove with yellow

discoloration

A

Habitat tic Deformity

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22
Q

causes of habitat tic deformity

A

biting

picking of the PNF with the index finger

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23
Q

Longitudinal split in the center;

fir tree appearance

A

Median Nail dystrophy

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24
Q

Inward folding of the lateral edges of the nails.

A

Pincer Nail (Curvature)

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25
Q

Transverse depressions in response to stressful events

A

Beau’s Line

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26
Q

Nails: curve, thicken, becomes yellow, 50%

spontaneous resolution

A

Yellow nail syndrome

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27
Q

what causes yellow nail syndrome

A

lymphedema

chronic resp condition

28
Q

test for clubbing

A

schamroth test

29
Q

causes of finger clubbing

A

cyanotic chd

pulmonary disease

30
Q

lateral elevation of nails with central depression related to anemia (50%)

A

spoon nails (koilonychia)

31
Q

Lateral elevation, central depression;
White or light pink but retain 0.5 to 3mm normal pink
distal band

A

Terry’s Nail

32
Q

Causes of Terry’s nail

A

cirrhosis
congestife heart failure
adult onset DM

33
Q

sandpaper texture, very rough, lacking

luster

A

Trachyonychia

34
Q

painless, slow growth, Hutchinson’s sign, Acral

lentiginous

A

melanoma

35
Q

there is extension of the
pigmentation around the fingers, even beyond the
nail plate

A

Hutchinson’s sign

36
Q

causes of longitudinal melanonychia

A

drug induced
endocrine (addison’s)
LM asociated with HIV
Nutritional LM

37
Q

Fingernail/toenail shedding

A

onychomadesis

38
Q

causes of onychomadesis

A

idiopathic

HFM disease

39
Q

functions of the hair

A

protection
regulation of body temp
facilitates evap of perspiration

40
Q

thick and pigmented hair; influenced by

androgens ( scalp, beard, axillary hair, pubic)

A

Terminal Hair

41
Q

fine hairs found on the fetus, sheds at

1 month before birth

A

Lanugo hairs

42
Q

short, fine non-pigmented hairs (hairs

on the rest of the body)

A

vellus hair

43
Q

3 sections of the hair follicle

A

infundibulum
isthmus
inferior segment

44
Q

DEAD protein, formed by compact cells

covered by a cuticle composed of platelike scales

A

hair shaft

45
Q

surface to the sebaceous gland

A

infundibulum

46
Q

from the duct to the insertion of the

erector pili muscle

A

isthmus

47
Q

from the muscle insertion to the

matrix (exists only during the anagen phase).

A

inferior segment

48
Q

there is falling out of the hair from the

roots.

A

effluvium

49
Q

seen in patients who had

readiation therapy and chemotherapy

A

annagen effluvium

50
Q

Physiologic reaction induced by androgens in

genetically predisposed individuals.

A

androgenetic alopecia

51
Q

Androgen dependent parts of the scalp

A

top. Frontoparietal

and central areas

52
Q

Androgen independent

A

sides and back of the scalp

occipital

53
Q

Progression of various patterns of AGA is classified

using the

A

Hamilton Norwood Classification

54
Q

cause of Female androgenetic alopecia

A

increase in Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

55
Q

In Androgenetic Alopecia, there is

miniaturization of terminal hair caused by

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone is

converted to DHT by 5-alpha reductase.

56
Q

alopecia totalis vs universalis

A

in totalis there is complete loss of terminal hair on the scalp. in universalis the total loss of scalp and body hair

57
Q

Impulse control disorder with the compulsion to pull out
one’s hair. The Hair is twisted around the finger and
pulled until extracted or broken

A

Trichotillomania

58
Q

Due to continuous pressure applied to the area

A

traction alopecia

59
Q

common cause of

scarring alopecia

A

CCLE or discoid LE

60
Q

causes destruction of the hair

follicles and results in irreversible hair loss

A

scarring alopecia

61
Q 
Slowly progressive;
Smooth white patches of hair loss;
No follicular openings
Hairs easily pulled out;
Associated with LP
A

Lichen planopiliaris

62
Q

Resembles alopecia areata;

End-stage cicatricial alopecia

A

pseudopelae of Brocq

63
Q

inflammatory nodules -> boggy ridges with pus

A

Dissecting Cellulitis

64
Q

multiple papules and pustules usually around the
nape and after a while, develop keloid. Very
difficult to treat

A

acne keloidalis

65
Q

Inflamed hair follicles -> Bogginess and induration
of scalp -> Redness, swelling, pustules, erosion
crusts

A

folliculitis decalvans

Block 10 module 3 (4 decks)

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