aesthetic dermatology Flashcards
standard of beauty in ancient times
facial symmetry
subclinical signs of aging are usually apparent at the age of
20
2 types of aging
extrinsic and intrinsic
describe intrinsic aging
Genetically programmed
Affects all skin
• Result from passage of time
• Body’s natural aging
highly reactive molecules which causes oxidation of the cell which leads to cell death and skin aging.
free radicals
important for the formation of new cells
growth factors
acts as barrier, decrease in this may lead to dryness and irritation of the skin
Natural moisturizing factor
located in the basal layer of the epidermis
stem cells
examples of benign skin growths
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra •Idiopathic Benign Hypomelanosis • Seborrheic Keratosis • Cherry Angioma • Seborrheic Gland Hyperplasia
Products that are intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering appearance without affecting the body’s function
cosmetics
describe a good soap
it removes surface dirt and keeps barrier intact
tightness of skin after cleansing is a sign that
too much moisture was removed which may lead to irritation and dryness
Attracts moisture from the environment
humectant
replace depleted moisture lost in the skin, active ingredient to keep skin soft
lanolins
Substance applied to skin to protect it from the sun’s rays
sunscreen
Amount of protection the product offers from UV-B rays or sunburn (prevention from burning but not tanning)
SPF (sun protection factor)
why is there risk of skin darkening after application of lotion with SPF
it doen’t cover protection from UV-A
Most common components of physical sunscreen
titanium and zinc oxide
how can organic sunscreen cause CD
although it absorbs UV rays, it is being aborbed by the skin and it can be irritating
longer wavelength, penetrates deep down the dermis, causes tanning
UV-A
you can feel the sting when it hits the skin, causes burning of skin
UV-B
cannot penetrate the earth because it is filtered by the ozone layer
UV-C
The gold standard for topical anti-aging
topical retinoids
side effect of topical retinoids
Photosensitivity
MOA of topical retinoids
Stimulate the binding of epidermal growth factor to the skin
• Promotes skin renewal
• Increases the rate of mitosis (cell division)
• Increases keratinocyte differentiation
• Increases cell turnover
• Increases fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis
Substances that neutralizes free radicals thus preventing cell damage
anti-oxidant
Factors that promote cell growth, secreted by the epidermis, decline as we age
growth factors
effects of growth factors
Promote skin tissue repair and regeneration
Promote wound healing
Can induce dermal collagen production
atalyzes the production of melanin in melanocytes
tyrosinase
why is hydroquinone banned
side effects such as hyperpigmentation on the skin
this is a common ingredient in lightening cream and soaps. High levels of thi look grey or cream colored
mercury
glutathione is an antioxidant made up of 3 aa:
glycine, glutamic acid & cystine
MOA of glutathione
inactivation of tyrosinase and it mediates the switch mechanim (eumelanin to pheomelanin)
IV glutathione whitening effect lasts for
42 days because of cell turnover
Blue-black or slate grey hyperpigmentation due to prolonged use of hydroquinone and mercury in bleaching creams
Ochronosis
Application of one or more exfoliating agents to the skin leads to
destruction of portions of the epidermis and/or dermis with subsequent regeneration of new epidermal and dermal tissues
Microdermabrasion also known as
diamond peel
depth of penetration of Phenol peel, baker gordon phenol peel
deep - reticular dermis
electrocauterization and DESSICATION OF BENIGN SKIN LESIONS should not be performed in patients with
pacemakers or those who take blood thinners
how does wrinkles appear
facial muscles contract because of thin and less elastic collagen
moa of botox
blocks acetylcholine in neuromuscular jxn
sites of injection of botox
orbicularis oris, frontali, jaw, gastrocnemiu, axilla
how long does botox last
6-12 months
why do smile lines and crow feet become apparent when we age
facial muscles are working closer to the skin surface because subQ fat is lost
Other factors that affect the facial skin
sun exposure, heredity, and lifestyle
Help diminish facial lines and restore volume and fullness in the face
dermal fillers
dermal fillers contain
bovine collagen, hyaluronic acid, and polylactic acid
Restores face to a softer, more youthful look
• Enhances the natural features, rather than radically changing the face
facial rejuveniation
Lasers for abnormal skin pigmentation
ND yag
Ruby Laser
why is permanent hair reduction not recommended for people with very light skin?
because the laser targets melanin to burn the hair bulb
complication of botox
inappropriate injection can lead to deformity and if injected to a blood vessel, can lead to necrosis
complication/ adverse effect of dermal fillers
Necrosis
• Tyndall Effect – blue discoloration
• Nodules – misplacement, migration
• Overcorrection
Sources of Stem cells:
Umbilical cord cells – very controversial
Adult bone marrow
Epidermal stem cells
the most common chronic side effect of dermabrasion
Hypopigmentation
ingredient in tea
Epigallocatechin Gallate
