HAI Flashcards
What does sulphonamide do?
Blocks PABA to dihydropteroate
What does trimethoprim do?
Blocks dihydrofolic acid to tetrahhydrofolate
What does trimethoprim and sulphonamide inhibit?
Nucleic acid synthesis
What do (Fluoro)quinolones do?
Blocks DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to DNA unwinding
What do (Fluoro)quinolones inhibit?
DNA synthesis
What do rifamycins do and what does it inibit?
Blocks Bacterial RNA polymerase to RNA synthesis so ambits RNA synthesis
What do ahminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrocodes, tetracyclines do and what do they inhibit?
Ribosomes to protein shyness so insist protein synthesis
Whta re beta lactams?
- Carbapenems
- Cephalosproins
- Penicilins
What do lipopepetides do?
Disrupt gram positive cell membranes
What do polymyxins do?
Bind to lipoplysachhraides so only affect gram negative
What does cell wall synthesis inhibition appendicitis’s (antibiotic mechanisms)?
Gram positive bacteria as have obvious PtG layer
What is Co-amoxiclav?
- Amoxcillin (B lactam antibitoic
- Clavulonic acid (Beta lactase inhibitor) - allows penicillin to bind to PBP
- Beta lactamases break down beta lactate ring
How is drug inactivation/ modification a resistance mechanism?
- Beta-lactamases deactivating penicillin
- Protective enzymes changing structure of antibiotic to prevent it binding to target structures
How is alteration of target a resistance mechanisms?
- MRSA: Alters penicillin binding proteins (PBP
- Producing proteins which protect ribosomes
How is alteration of metabolic pathway a resistance mechanism?
E.G. some sulphonamide resistance bacteria do not require PABA to make folic acids and instead use performed folic acid
