Hagen Chapter 25 Neonatal Echoencephalography

Question 1

A mass of special cells located in the atrium of the lateral ventricles is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Corpus callosum
b. Caudate nucleus
c. Choroid plexus 
d. Cisterna

Answer 1

c. Choroid plexus

Question 2

A thin, triangular space filled with CSF that lies between the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles is:
Select one:
a. Interhemispheric fissure
b. Cavum septi pellucidi 
c. Trigone
d. Caudate nucleus

Answer 2

b. Cavum septi pellucidi

Question 3

Acute neonatal brain hemorrhage appears \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Echolucent
b. Hypoechoic
c. Echogenic
d. Complex

Answer 3

c. Echogenic

Question 4

Approximately 40% of CSF is produced by which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Extracellular fluid
b. Choroid plexus
c. Corpus callosum
d. Cerebrum

Answer 4

b. Choroid plexus

Question 5

Bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries may result in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Hydrocephalus
b. Hydranencephaly
c. Holoprosencephaly
d. Intraventricular hemorrhage

Answer 5

b. Hydranencephaly

Question 6

Convolutions on the surface of the brain are called which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Sulci
b. Fissures
c. Gyri 
d. Lobes

Answer 6

c. Gyri

Question 7

Cyclopia is associated with which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Holoprosencephaly
b. Hydrocephalus
c. Hydranencephaly
d. Dandy-Walker malformation

Answer 7

a. Holoprosencephaly

Question 8

Dysgenesis of the fourth ventricle results in which one of the following malformations?
Select one:
a. Corpus callosum
b. Cystic dilation of the lateral ventricle
c. Holoprosencephaly
d. Dandy-Walker

Answer 8

d. Dandy-Walker

Question 9

Periventricular leukomalacia is defined as which one of the following?
Select one:
a. White matter necrosis
b. Focal brain necrosis
c. Thickened ependyma
d. An epidural hemorrhage

Answer 9

a. White matter necrosis

Question 10

Sonography of the neonatal brain is evaluated through which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Inferior temporal lobe
b. Anterior fontanelle
c. Superior temporal lobe
d. Posterior fontanelle

Answer 10

b. Anterior fontanelle

Question 11

The area in which the falx cerebri sits that separates the two cerebral hemispheres is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Tentorium
b. Corpus callosum
c. Lateral ventricles
d. Interhemispheric fissure

Answer 11

d. Interhemispheric fissure

Question 12

The brain coverings are known as which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Subependymomas
b. Meninges
c. Parenchyma
d. Ependyma

Answer 12

b. Meninges

Question 13

The junction of the anterior, occipital, and temporal horns is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Cistern
b. Brainstem
c. Choroid plexus
d. Atrium (trigone)

Answer 13

d. Atrium (trigone)

Question 14

The largest subarachnoid space demonstrated sonographically is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Suprasellar cistern
b. Pontine cistern
c. Quadrigeminal cistern
d. Cistern magnum

Answer 14

d. Cistern magnum

Question 15

The most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Papilloma of the choroid plexus
b. Aqueductal stenosis
c. Overproduction of CSF
d. Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Answer 15

b. Aqueductal stenosis

Question 16

The most important cause of abnormal neurodevelopment sequelae in premature infants is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Hydrocephalus
b. Choroid plexus cyst
c. White matter necrosis 
d. Alobar holoprosencephaly

Answer 16

c. White matter necrosis

Question 17

The part of the brain that connects the forebrain and the spinal cord is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Pons
b. Trigone
c. Cerebrum
d. Brainstem

Answer 17

d. Brainstem

Question 18

The periventricular tissue, which may bleed easily before 32 weeks' gestation, is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Caudate nucleus
b. Corpus callosum
c. Brainstem
d. Germinal matrix

Answer 18

d. Germinal matrix

Question 19

The portion of the brain that forms the lateral borders of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles and lies anterior to the lateral ventricles and thalamus is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Caudate nucleus
b. Cisterna
c. Corpus callosum
d. Fontanelle

Answer 19

a. Caudate nucleus

Question 20

The portion of the brain that lies posterior to the cranial fossa under the tentorium is called which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Cerebellum
b. Corpus callosum
c. Lower recess
d. Cavum septum pellucidum

Answer 20

a. Cerebellum

Question 21

The primary brain vesicle, rhombencephalon, is located in which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Hypothalamus
b. Forebrain
c. Midbrain
d. Hindbrain

Answer 21

d. Hindbrain

Question 22

The two ovoid brain structures located on either side of the third ventricle superior to the brainstem make up the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Thalami
b. Choroid plexus
c. Gyri
d. Fontanelle

Answer 22

a. Thalami

Question 23

What is the name of the structure that forms between the corpus callosum and the anterior horn or lateral ventricle?
Select one:
a. Septum pellucidum 
b. Massa intermedia
c. Fourth ventricle
d. Lateral ventricle

Answer 23

a. Septum pellucidum

Question 24

Which one of the following is most likely the result of a germinal matrix hemorrhage?
Select one:
a. Cerebral cyst
b. Subependymal cyst 
c. Subarachnoid cyst
d. Periventricular leukomalacia

Answer 24

b. Subependymal cyst

Question 25

Which three mechanisms account for the development of hydrocephalus? Select one: a. Outflow obstruction, increased absorption, and overproduction b. Inflow obstruction, decreased absorption, and underproduction c. Inflow obstruction, increased absorption, and overproduction d. Outflow obstruction, decreased absorption, and overproduction

Answer 25

d. Outflow obstruction, decreased absorption, and overproduction