Hagen Chapter 22 Thyroid

Question 1

A cystic formation lateral to the thyroid gland is typically which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Thyroglossal cyst
b. Brachial cleft cyst
c. Cystic hygroma
d. Sublingual cyst

Answer 1

b. Brachial cleft cyst

Question 2

A solitary thyroid nodule in the presence of ipsilateral lymphadenopathy suggests which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Adenoma
b. Grave's disease
c. Malignancy 
d. Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer 2

c. Malignancy

Question 3

A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a palpable midline mass between the hyoid bone and the isthmus of the thyroid gland.
Select one:
a. Carotid aneurysm
b. Parathyroid adenoma
c. Thyroglossal duct cyst
d. Brachial cleft cyst

Answer 3

c. Thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 4

All of the following structures form neighboring structures for the thyroid gland except the:
Select one:
a. Longus colli muscle
b. Parotid muscle 
c. Strap muscles
d. Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 4

b. Parotid muscle

Question 5

An abnormal lymph node demonstrates which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Homogeneous texture
b. Central echogenic complex
c. Oval contour
d. Round contour

Answer 5

d. Round contour

Question 6

Approximately 20% of solitary thyroid nodules are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Cystic
b. Adenomas
c. Goiters
d. Malignant

Answer 6

a. Cystic

Question 7

Common disorders associated with hyperthyroidism include all of the following except:
Select one:
a. Toxic adenoma
b. Toxic multinodular goiter
c. Grave's disease
d. Acute thyroiditis

Answer 7

d. Acute thyroiditis

Question 8

Hyperfunction of all parathyroid glands with no apparent cause occurs with which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands
b. Secondary hyperplasia of the thyroid glands
c. Primary hyperparathyroidism
d. Secondary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands

Answer 8

a. Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands

Question 9

Increased vascularity with color Doppler, termed the thyroid inferno, is observed in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Hashimoto's disease
b. Graves' disease 
c. de Quervain thyroiditis
d. Papillary carcinoma

Answer 9

b. Graves’ disease

Question 10

Sonographically, the normal thyroid gland may be described as having all of the following characteristics except:
Select one:
a. Diffusely homogenous
b. Slightly more echogenic than surrounding muscle
c. Fine homogenous echo texture
d. Having a thin, hyperechoic line representing the thyroid capsule

Answer 10

a. Diffusely homogenous

Question 11

The approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland are:
Select one:
a. 5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth 
b. 4 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
c. 3 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
d. 6 cm length, 3 cm width, 3 cm depth

Answer 11

a. 5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth

Question 12

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by:
Select one:
a. Ismal tissue
b. The isthmus 
c. Island tissue
d. Parathyroid tissue

Answer 12

b. The isthmus

Question 13

The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Thyroid adenoma
b. Parathyroid adenoma 
c. Parathyroid cyst
d. Parathyroid hemorrhagic cyst

Answer 13

b. Parathyroid adenoma

Question 14

The most common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide is which one of the following?
Select one:
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Iron deficiency
c. Iodine deficiency
d. Autoimmune process

Answer 14

c. Iodine deficiency

Question 15

The most common cause of thyroid malignancy is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carcinoma.
Select one:
a. Papillary
b. Medullary
c. Anaplastic
d. Follicular

Answer 15

a. Papillary

Question 16

The normal parathyroid glands measure less than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ millimeters (mm).
Select one:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

Answer 16

b. 4

Question 17

The parathyroid glands lie between the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ borders of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobes of the thyroid gland.
Select one:
a. Posterior; lateral
b. Anterior; lateral
c. Anterior; medial
d. Posterior; medial

Answer 17

d. Posterior; medial

Question 18

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that affects the:
Select one:
a. Liver, colon, and kidneys
b. Kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract
c. Gastrointestinal tract, breast, and scrotum
d. Kidneys, heart, and colon

Answer 18

b. Kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract

Question 19

The pyramid lobe of the thyroid gland extends from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
a. Superior right lobe
b. Inferior left lobe
c. Superior isthmus 
d. Inferior right lobe

Answer 19

c. Superior isthmus

Question 20

The thyroid gland consists of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobes:
Select one:
a. Three
b. Four
c. Two 
d. Six

Answer 20

c. Two

Question 21

The thyroid is an endocrine gland that regulates metabolic function through the production of all of the following hormones except:
Select one:
a. Thyroxine
b. Triiodothyronine
c. Thyrocalcitonin
d. Thyroliberin

Answer 21

d. Thyroliberin

Question 22

Usually \_\_\_\_\_ parathyroid glands exist.
Select one:
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four 
d. Five

Answer 22

c. Four

Question 23

Which one of the following sonographic features of a thyroid adenoma is the most common?
Select one:
a. Complex echo pattern
b. Hyperechoic mass
c. Hypoechoic peripheral halo
d. Irregular margins

Answer 23

c. Hypoechoic peripheral halo

Question 24

Which one of the following structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobe?
Select one:
a. Larynx
b. Jugular vein
c. Strap muscles
d. Longus colli muscle

Answer 24

a. Larynx

Question 25

Which one of the following structures lies posterolateral to the thyroid gland?
Select one:
a. Esophagus
b. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
c. Longus colli muscle
d. Omohyoid muscle

Answer 25

c. Longus colli muscle