Haemotology conditions Flashcards
What type of anaemia is iron deficiency anaemia?
A common typ of Microcytic anaemia
What are other causes of microcyctic anaemia?
Thalassaemia, chronic disease anaemia, sideroblastic anaemia
What are some of the side effects of iron supplementation needed to treat iron deficiency anaemia?
Constipation, black stools, D+V, abdo pain
Compliance with ferrous sulphate tablets poor as need to take many times a day
If Hb <7, blood transfusion is needed
Deficiencies of what causes macrocytic anaemia?
Vitamin B12 and folate.
How does vit B12 and folate deficiency cause anaemia?
Presence of erythroblasts with delayed nuclear maturation due to defective DNA synthesis in the bine marrow
What is the name given to the anaemia that results from vitamin B12 deficiency and what is it?
Pernicious anaemia - autoimmune disorder, intrinsic factor (needed for B12 absorption) not released so B12 not absorbed. Can also occur due to dietry deficiency but this is rare even in vegans
What causes folate deficiency?
Diet, malabsorption, increased demand due to pregnacny, haemolysis, leukaemia, drug-induced deficiency
What causes non-megaloblastic macrocytosis?
Alcohol abuse, liver disease, reticulocytosis, severe hypothyroidism, pregnancy
What will FBC + film results show for microcytic and macrocytic anaemia?
Microcytic: low MHC, low MCV. Poikilocytosis (shape variation), anisocytosis (size variation)
Macrocytic: low Hb, high MCV. Hypersegmented nuclei, reticulocytes
In which type of lymphoma are Reed-Sternberg cells seen?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin is 5x more common
In lymphadenopathy seen in lymphoma, the enlarged lymph nodes are often painless, non-tender and rubbery, what can induce the pain?
Alcohol
