Haemorrhage & Shock

Question 1

What is haemorrhage?

Answer 1

Defined as the extravasation of blood from vessels most often as a result of damage to blood vessels or defective clot formation

Question 2

What is haemorrhagic diatheses

Answer 2

wide variety of clinical disorders in which the risk of haemorrhage (usually following a seemingly insignificant injury) is increased

Question 3

What are Petechiae

Answer 3

Minute (1-2mm) haemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes or serosal surfaces.

Question 4

Causes of Petechiae

Answer 4

-Thrombocytopenia
-Defective platelet function
-Loss of vascular wall support eg in Vit. C deficiency

Question 5

Pupura

Answer 5

Slightly larger (3-5mm) haemorrhages

can also result from trauma, vasculitis and increased vascular fragility.

Question 6

Ecchymoses

Answer 6

Larger (1-2cm) subcutaneous hematomas

Question 7

What is SHOCK ?

Answer 7

This is a clinical state of cardiovascular collapse characterized by inadequate perfusion of the celss and tissues resulting in hypotension and cellular hypoxia.