Haemorrhage and Haemostasis

Question 1

Define haemorrhage

Answer 1

Bleeding from a ruptured vessel

Question 2

Define haemostasis

Answer 2

The stopping of bleeding

Question 3

Define thrombosis

Answer 3

Formation of a clot inside a blood vessel

Question 4

What are the two types of haemorrhage?

Answer 4

Internal - leaky blood vessels inside body

External - natural opening or break in skin

Question 5

What are the risk factors for haemorrhage?

Answer 5

• Congenital (haemophilia)
• Medication - anticoagulants
• Age
• Trauma
• Disease (liver disease)
• Infection (gastroenteritis)

Question 6

What are the 4 classes of haemorrhage?

Answer 6

Class I - Loss of <15% blood volume
Class II - Loss of 15-30% of blood vol
Class III - Loss of 30-40% blood vol
Class IV - Loss of >40% blood vol

Question 7

What is haemorrhagic shock?

Answer 7

When blood volume decreases to a substantial level

Question 8

What are the platelet activators?

Answer 8

Collagen, thrombin, ADP, Fibrinogen, VWF 0 leads to thrombosis

Question 9

What are the platelet inhibitors?

Answer 9

PGI2, Nitric oxide, ITIM receptors, CD39 - Leads to anti-thrombotiv