Haemophilus Flashcards
What type of bacteria are Haemophilus, HACEK, and fastidious gram-negative organisms?
Gram-negative
What does the term ‘fastidious’ refer to in relation to bacteria?
Requiring specific growth conditions and nutrients
What does the acronym HACEK stand for in the context of bacterial infections?
Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
Which bacteria belong to the HACEK group?
Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
What are the common characteristics of HACEK bacteria?
They are fastidious, gram-negative, and part of the normal flora of the oral cavity
Where are HACEK bacteria commonly found in the body?
Oral cavity
Which bacterial species is known for causing endocarditis in patients with underlying cardiac conditions?
HACEK bacteria
What type of infections are HACEK bacteria commonly associated with?
Endocarditis
What is the primary method of identifying Haemophilus influenzae in the laboratory?
X and V factor requirements
What is the X factor requirement for Haemophilus influenzae?
Hemin (factor X)
What is the V factor requirement for Haemophilus influenzae?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (factor V)
Which Haemophilus species requires both X and V factors for growth?
Haemophilus influenzae
What is the common pathogen associated with Haemophilus infections in children?
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Which Haemophilus species is a common cause of otitis media and pneumonia in children?
Haemophilus influenzae
What is the primary method of diagnosing Haemophilus infections?
Culture and identification of the bacteria
What is the primary treatment for Haemophilus infections?
Antibiotics
Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Haemophilus infections?
Amoxicillin
What is the main virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae?
Capsule
What is the primary reservoir for Haemophilus influenzae?
Humans
What is the primary mode of transmission for Haemophilus influenzae?
Respiratory droplets
What is the incubation period for Haemophilus influenzae infections?
2-4 days
What is the primary prevention strategy for Haemophilus influenzae infections?
Vaccination
What type of vaccine is used for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) prevention?
Conjugate vaccine
What is the recommended schedule for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination in children?
2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months
What is the most common clinical presentation of Haemophilus influenzae infections in children?
Meningitis
What is the characteristic appearance of Haemophilus influenzae colonies on blood agar?
Satellite phenomenon
What is the treatment of choice for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections?
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
What is the primary mode of transmission for Cardiobacterium hominis infections?
Unknown
What is the primary method of diagnosing Cardiobacterium hominis infections?
Blood cultures
What is the treatment of choice for Cardiobacterium hominis infections?
Penicillin or ceftriaxone
What is the primary mode of transmission for Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infections?
Human bites
What is the primary method of diagnosing Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infections?
Blood cultures
What is the treatment of choice for Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infections?
Penicillin or ceftriaxone
What is the primary mode of transmission for Eikenella corrodens infections?
Human bites
What is the primary method of diagnosing Eikenella corrodens infections?
Blood cultures
What is the treatment of choice for Eikenella corrodens infections?
Penicillin or ceftriaxone
What is the primary mode of transmission for Kingella kingae infections?
Unknown
What is the primary method of diagnosing Kingella kingae infections?
Blood cultures
What is the treatment of choice for Kingella kingae infections?
Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime