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Bacteriology > Haemophilus > Flashcards

Haemophilus Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria are Haemophilus, HACEK, and fastidious gram-negative organisms?

A

Gram-negative

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2
Q

What does the term ‘fastidious’ refer to in relation to bacteria?

A

Requiring specific growth conditions and nutrients

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3
Q

What does the acronym HACEK stand for in the context of bacterial infections?

A

Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

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4
Q

Which bacteria belong to the HACEK group?

A

Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

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5
Q

What are the common characteristics of HACEK bacteria?

A

They are fastidious, gram-negative, and part of the normal flora of the oral cavity

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6
Q

Where are HACEK bacteria commonly found in the body?

A

Oral cavity

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7
Q

Which bacterial species is known for causing endocarditis in patients with underlying cardiac conditions?

A

HACEK bacteria

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8
Q

What type of infections are HACEK bacteria commonly associated with?

A

Endocarditis

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9
Q

What is the primary method of identifying Haemophilus influenzae in the laboratory?

A

X and V factor requirements

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10
Q

What is the X factor requirement for Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Hemin (factor X)

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11
Q

What is the V factor requirement for Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (factor V)

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12
Q

Which Haemophilus species requires both X and V factors for growth?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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13
Q

What is the common pathogen associated with Haemophilus infections in children?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

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14
Q

Which Haemophilus species is a common cause of otitis media and pneumonia in children?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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15
Q

What is the primary method of diagnosing Haemophilus infections?

A

Culture and identification of the bacteria

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16
Q

What is the primary treatment for Haemophilus infections?

A

Antibiotics

17
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Haemophilus infections?

A

Amoxicillin

18
Q

What is the main virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Capsule

19
Q

What is the primary reservoir for Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Humans

20
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Respiratory droplets

21
Q

What is the incubation period for Haemophilus influenzae infections?

A

2-4 days

22
Q

What is the primary prevention strategy for Haemophilus influenzae infections?

A

Vaccination

23
Q

What type of vaccine is used for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) prevention?

A

Conjugate vaccine

24
Q

What is the recommended schedule for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination in children?

A

2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months

25
Q

What is the most common clinical presentation of Haemophilus influenzae infections in children?

A

Meningitis

26
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of Haemophilus influenzae colonies on blood agar?

A

Satellite phenomenon

27
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections?

A

Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

28
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Cardiobacterium hominis infections?

A

Unknown

29
Q

What is the primary method of diagnosing Cardiobacterium hominis infections?

A

Blood cultures

30
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Cardiobacterium hominis infections?

A

Penicillin or ceftriaxone

31
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infections?

A

Human bites

32
Q

What is the primary method of diagnosing Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infections?

A

Blood cultures

33
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infections?

A

Penicillin or ceftriaxone

34
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Eikenella corrodens infections?

A

Human bites

35
Q

What is the primary method of diagnosing Eikenella corrodens infections?

A

Blood cultures

36
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Eikenella corrodens infections?

A

Penicillin or ceftriaxone

37
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Kingella kingae infections?

A

Unknown

38
Q

What is the primary method of diagnosing Kingella kingae infections?

A

Blood cultures

39
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Kingella kingae infections?

A

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

Bacteriology (2 decks)

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