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Lab D > Haemolysis > Flashcards

Haemolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bleeding time?

A

Measure of the time from the appearance of the first drop of blood until the cessation of bleeding.

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2
Q

What tests can you use for coagulation time and how do you carry them out?

A

Clotting time on a watch glass, Clotting time in plastic syringe, Clotting time in activated clotting time tube

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3
Q

What is coagulation in an ACT test tube?

A

Si02 with fresh blood to check the coagulation without the contact factor (Hagemann factor) at 37c.

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4
Q

How long does each test take to coagulate?

A

3 minutes is normal

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5
Q

What are the causes of thrombocytopenia?

A

Decrecreased production of thrombocytes in the bone marrow, increased utilization of thrombocytes, (DIC), increased destruction of thrombocytes automimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP), increased sequestration of thrombocytes

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6
Q

Which factors are dependent on vitamin K?

A

Proconvertin (Factor 7), Christmas (Factor 9), Stuart Prower (Factor 10), and Prothrombin (Factor 2)

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7
Q

What is prothrombin time?

A

Gives information about the function of the extrinsic pathway because the coagulation cascade is triggered by adding tissue factor.

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8
Q

How long is a normal PT?

A

10-15 seconds

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9
Q

What is APTT?

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time – gives information on the function of the intrinsic pathway through the provision of surface activation

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10
Q

How long is a normal APTT?

A

How long is a normal APTT?

20-30 seconds

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11
Q

What is the general platelet count?

A

200-800 x 10 to the 9

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12
Q

What is DIC?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Secondary problem where microthrombus formation and fibrinolysis are present at many different places in the body simultaneously because of severe tissue damage or necrosis

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13
Q

Something about Von Willebrands disease, basically wanted to know which clotting factor was messed up.

A

Factor VIII is deficient

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14
Q

What are the major groups of haemostasis disorders?

A

Vasculopathy, Thrombocytopathy, Coagulopathy

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15
Q

What tests were used to investigate coagulopathies?

A

Bleeding time, (buccal mucosal bleeding time test,) clotting time, clotting time on different
surfaces, clot retraction time.

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16
Q

What tests investigate platelet count (can’t remember the exact phrasing of her question there but its
pretty much what she wanted.)

A

blood smear test, automatic cell counters, Burker chamber count

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17
Q

What is the clot retraction test?

A

The measure of the decrease in clot size with a contractile protein called thrombostenin. Slower or
no contraction happening is a sign of thrombocytopathy

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18
Q

In dicumarol posioning what is increased?

A

The PT and APTT is increased

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19
Q

what was increased in Haemophilia type A

A

???

20
Q

How can you count platelets in a sample

A

Burker chamber (haemocytometer), blood smear, automatic cell counters.

21
Q

Which hemostatic disorder lead to more sever clinical signs, thrombocytpathys or coagulopathys?

A

Thrombocytopathy as there is no connection between thrombocyte-thrombus

22
Q

Shortest coagulation factor life time?

A

(7) 3 minutes with the CT in ACT

23
Q

Which factor is involved in measuring thrombin time

A

(13??)

24
Q

Time until the first fibrin strain

A

1-2 minutes

25
Q

What does silicon dioxide influence in ACT

A

The contact factor Hagemann factor

26
Q

How does dicoumarol anticoagulant work

A

It is the competitive antagonist of vitamin k which is responsible for the gamma carboxylation of
proconvertin(Factor 7) Christmas factor (Factor 9), Stuart Prower (Factor 10) and he Prothrombin
(Factor 2). It removes Ca2+ from these factors so they cannot activate

27
Q

Clot retraction test

A

Measure of the effectiveness of thrombostenin for reducing the clot via the release of serum.

28
Q

Platelet count normal number

A

200-800 x 10 to the 9

Platelet count formula for smear (20*10^9/l)

29
Q

Which anticoagulant used for platelet count examination

A

EDTA, K2, Na2-

30
Q

Dicumarol toxicosis effect on PT an APTT

A

Increases quickly on PT then gradually on APTT

31
Q

Ratio of anticoagulant (citrate:blood)

A

1:9

32
Q

Thrombocytopenia, name 3 causes

A

Decreased production of thrombocytes in the bone marrow, increased utilization of thrombocytes
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulopathy), increased loss of thrombocytes: subacute/chronic
bleeding

33
Q

How does sodium citrate inhibit coagulation

A

Citrate prevents coagulation by binding calcium ions

34
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) microthrombus formation and fibrinolysis are
present at many different locations in the body due to necrosis or severe tissue damage.

35
Q

BMBT time

A

3-5 minutes

36
Q

How is BMBT performed

A

0.5 cm incision on the skin of the inner part of the external ear or the buccal mucosal surface. Wipe
away excess blood under the incision until the cessation of bleeding

37
Q

What level of platelets are considered a clinical bleeding disorder

A

Above 50x10 to the 9/Liter

38
Q

Function of platelets

A

They bind thrombocytes along with fibrin to form clots in damaged blood vessels

39
Q

What do factors need for their synthesis

A

Calcium ion

40
Q

Which factor is 13 and what is its function

A

Von Willebrand Factor is responsible for plately adhesion and aggregation and anti haemophylic
factor.

41
Q

What factor are in extrinsic pathway

A

3, 7, 5, 10, 2, 13

42
Q

Which factors can bind to Calcium

A

Proconvertin (Factor 7), Christmas (Factor 9), stuart prower (Factor 10), Prothrombin (Factor 2)

43
Q

What molecule can activate factor 12 (hagemann)

A

Free collagen fibres, kininogen, and kallikrein

44
Q

What is the glue that sticks the thrombocytes to each other

A

Polymerized fibrin network

45
Q

What factor initiates the intrinsic pathway

A

Hagemann factor Factor 12

46
Q

What factor is calcium

A

Factor 4

Lab D (3 decks)

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