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Haematology > Haematopoeisis > Flashcards

Haematopoeisis Flashcards

1
Q

what are ‘blasts’

A

primitive nucleated precursor

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2
Q

what are megakaryocytes

A

platelet precursor, polyploidy

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3
Q

what are reticulocytes

A

immediate red cell precursor

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4
Q

what are myelocytes

A

nucleated precursor between neutrophils and blasts

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5
Q

what are the precursors or precursores

A

haemopoietic progenitor cell

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6
Q

what cells come from myeloid stem cells

A

red cells, platelets, granulocytes, macrophages

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7
Q

what cells come from lymphoid stem cells

A

dendritic cells, T cells, NK cells, B cells

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8
Q

what are the developmental events in haemopoiesis

A

self renewal-a property of stem cells lost in descendents
proliferation-increase in numbers
differentiation-descndents commit to one or mor elineages
maturation-descendents acquire functional properties and may stop proliferating
apoptosis-descendents undergo cell death

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9
Q

in general more primitive progenitors-eg stem cells are what in the steady state

A

quiescent

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10
Q

where are haemopoeitic cells derived from embryologically

A

mesoderm

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11
Q

what are the sites of haemopoiesis

A

yolk sac-stops by week 10
liver start by week 6
spleen by week 12
bone marrow by week 16

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12
Q

what do arteries feed into

A

sinusoids

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13
Q

what are sinusoids

A

specialised venules that form a reticular network of fenestrated (with apertures) vessels

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14
Q

what is the interface of bone and marrow called

A

endosteum-covered in bone lining cells inc osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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15
Q

formed red blood cells pass through what part of endothelial cells to enter ciruculation

A

fenestrations

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16
Q

how are neutrophils released from the marrow

A

actively migrate towards the sinusoid

17
Q

how are megakaryocytes release from marrow t

A

they extend long branching processes called proplatelets into the sinusoidal blood vessels

18
Q

what is the release of red cells associated with

A

sinusoidal dilatation and increased blood flow

19
Q

what is red vs yellow marrow

A

red=haemopoietically active

yellow=fatty, inactive

20
Q

how do levels of red and yellow marrow change with age

A

increase in yellow marrow with age and reduction in marrow cellularity in older individuals

21
Q

how is marrow cellularity calculated

A

100-age=% cellularity

22
Q

what is chemotaxis

A

can migrate to areas of inflammation

23
Q

haemoglobin is what type of protein

A

allosteric protein

24
Q

what is the Haldane effect

A

oxygenation of haemoglobin decreases its affinitiy for CO2

25
Q

what is the bohr effect

A

h+ ions and CO2 added to the blood cause a reduction in the oxygen binding affinity for Hb

Haematology (14 decks)

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