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Paediatric Y4 > Haematology oncology > Flashcards

Haematology oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Four differentials for cytopaenias

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Immune thrombocytopenic purport
Aplastic anaemia
Febrile neutropenia

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2
Q

ALL presentation

A 
Toddler 
Common 
Anaemia, bleeding 
Bone pain 
Hepatosplenomegaly
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3
Q

ITP presentation

A

Toddler to young child post viral infection
ONLY bleeding and bruising
ONLY low platelets
Dx of exclusion

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4
Q

Aplastic anaemia presentation

A 
Varied age groups 
Many causes - drugs 
Fatigue, bleeding, infection 
pancytopaenia 
Hypocellular bone marrow
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5
Q

Febrile neutropenia presentation

A

On chemotherapy
Day 7-10 of nadir
Neutropenia
Give tazocin! (with gentamicin if at risk)

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6
Q

Four differentials for leukaemia and lymphomas

A

ALL
AML
NHL
HL

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7
Q

ALL presentation

A 
toddler 
common 
anaemia 
bleeding 
bonepain 
hepatosplenomegaly
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8
Q

AML presentation

A 
Adolescent, young adult 
Less common 
DOWN  syndrome 
anaemia 
DIC and bleeding 
Auer rods - -- can precipitate into DIC crisis
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9
Q

NHL presentation

A 
child, adolescent 
common 
aggressive 
oncological emergency - e.g. stridor , mass effect 
lymphadenopathy
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10
Q

HL presentation

A 
Adolescent, young adult 
Less common 
Less aggressive 
EBV association 
Mediastinal mass 
Lymphadenopathy
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11
Q

Three different -sarcomas are…

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma

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12
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma presentation

A

Toddlers
Orbital or nasal mass
local symptoms (ophthalmoplegia, epistaxis, nasal fullness)
Does not affect bone like the other two..

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13
Q

Osteosarcoma presentation

A 
Adolescent 
Rarely pre-pubertal 
Metaphyseal lesion 
KNEE Pain worse at night, limp
Raised ALP 
Xray- sunburst Codman's triangle 
Most common sarcoma + most aggressive
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14
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma presentation

A 
Adolescent
May be pre-pubertal 
t(11:22) translocation 
Diaphyseal lesion 
Local pain in legs or hips 
\+ fever, infective symptoms 
raised ALP (less)
Xray - onion skin
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15
Q

CNS tumours x 3

A

Medulloblastoma
Brain stem glioma
Craniopharyngioma

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16
Q

Medulloblastoma presentation

A

WHO grade IV - aggressive
Rapidly growing
Obstructive hydrocephalus early
Vermis of cerebellum.

17
Q

Brain stem glioma presentation

A 
Variable WHO grade 
Cranial nerve palsies
ataxia 
Long tract signs 
obstructive hydrocephalus late
18
Q

Craniopharyngioma presentation

A

WHO grade I - aggressive
Tumour of rathke’s pouch
Headache
Visual changes - bitemporal hemianopia

Paediatric Y4 (10 decks)

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