haematology morphology Flashcards
what type of cell is this
neutrophil
look for a segmented (polymorphic) nucleus and neutral staining granules – looks like a lilac stained cytoplasm
what type of cell is this
eosinophil
looks like: Bi-lobed, bright orange /red granules in cytoplasm
what are the reasons for a raised neutrophil count (neutrophilia)?
infection
trauma
infarction
why might an eosinophil count be raised?
raised in parasitic infections, hypersensitivity reactions and often elevated in people with hypersensitive conditions (e.g. atopic rhinitis)
what type of cell is this
this is a basophil
it is a cell which is found infrequently in circulation and has large deep purple granules obscuring the nucleus
what is the function of a basophil
Circulating version of tissue mast cell, mediate hypersensitive reactions, FcReceptors bind IgE, granules contain histamine and heparin
what type of cell is this
this is a monocyte
they are large cells which contain a single nucleus, faint staining granules, and are often vacuolated
M = Macrophage once entered a tissue
what type of cell is this
this is a lymphocyte
Mature – small with condensed nucleus and rim of cytoplasm
generally speaking, they are roughly the same size as an RBC
can become activated (often called atypical) which are large with plentiful blue cytoplasm extending round neighbouring red cells on the film, nucleus more ‘open’ structure
What is the function of a lymphocyte
Numerous types and function (subtypes of B, T and NK)
Cognate response to infection
The brains of the immune system
how does immunophenotyping work
uses the expression profile of proteins (antigens) on the surface of cells
what type of cell is the easiest to identify which regard to the stages of haematopoiesis
an effector mature cell as they have a line of reference
before that, the ability to differentiate into different specialised cells makes it more challenging and harder to identify
e.g. multipotent/lymphoid/myeloid
which type of cell has a higher regenerative ability - LT HSC or ST HSC?
LT HSC
ST HSC goes on to divide into a multipotent cell which will become an oligolineage progenitor cell
what type of cell do ALL mature cells derive from
stem cells
megakaryocytes produce what type of cell and where?
platelets in the bone marrow
the different types of white cells are
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
lymphocyte
monocyte
what does this blood film show?
the arrows should help to identify this abnormality
This is POLYCHROMASIA
- increased reticulocytes on blood sample
can be identified by the blue-grey appearance of a slightly larger looking RBC
occurs in response to anaemia
