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passmed incorrect > haematology incorrect > Flashcards

haematology incorrect Flashcards

1
Q

what is the underlying aetiology of ITP?

A

antibodies directed against the glycoprotein IIb/IIa or Ib-V-IX complex

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2
Q

what anaemia is CLL assoc with?

A

warm autoimmune haemolytic

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3
Q

tx for essential thrombocytosis?

A

hydroxyurea

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4
Q

tx for polycythaemia ruby vera?

A

venesection

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5
Q

when do you do proximal leg USS within 4 hrs or D-dimer if not already done?

A

2-level DVT Wells score ≥ 2 points
2-level DVT Wells score â≤ 1 point, D-dimer positive

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6
Q

when do you diagnose DVT and continue anticoagulant?

A

first proximal leg ultrasound is positive OR
second proximal leg ultrasound is positive

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7
Q

what is this + what it assoc with?

A

target cells

assoc with Sickle-cell/thalassaemia
Iron-deficiency anaemia
Hyposplenism
Liver disease

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8
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

tear drop/poikilocytes

assoc with myelofibrosis

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9
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

Spherocytes

assoc with Hereditary spherocytosis
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia

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10
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

Basophilic stippling

assoc with Lead poisoning
Thalassaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia
Myelodysplasia$

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11
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

assoc with hyposplenism

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12
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

Heinz bodies

assoc with G6PD deficiency
Alpha-thalassaemia

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13
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

Schistocytes (‘helmet cells’)

assoc with Intravascular haemolysis
Mechanical heart valve
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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14
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

‘Pencil’ poikilocytes

assoc with iron deficiency anaemia

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15
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

Burr cells (echinocytes)

assoc with Uraemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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16
Q

what is this + what assoc with?

A

Acanthocytes

assoc with Abetalipoproteinemia

17
Q

what is hypersegmented neutrophils assoc with?

A

megaloblastic anaemia

18
Q

causes of normocytic anaemia?

A

anaemia of chronic disease
chronic kidney disease
aplastic anaemia
haemolytic anaemia
acute blood loss

19
Q

what disorder is this?

bleeding problems, normal platelets, raised bleeding time, APTT raised

factor VIII levels moderately reduced
defective platelet aggregation with ristocetin

A

von willebrand’s disease

20
Q

what disorder is this?

epistaxis, spider naevi, arteriovenous malformations

A

HHT

21
Q

causes of normoblastic, macrocyctic anaemia?

A

alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroidism
pregnancy
reticulocytosis
myelodysplasia
drugs: cytotoxics

22
Q

causes of microcytic anaemia?

A

iron-deficiency anaemia
thalassaemia*
congenital sideroblastic anaemia
anaemia of chronic disease (more commonly a normocytic, normochromic picture)
lead poisoning

23
Q

what is a s/e of ciprofloxacin ?

A

haemolytic in G6PD pts

24
Q

underlying aetiology of factor V Leiden?

A

activated protein C resistance

25
Q

underlying aetiology for polycythaemia rubra vera?

A

Mutation in JAK2

26
Q

MOA of tranexamic acid?

A

Reversibly binds to lysine receptor sites on plasminogen or plasmin, preventing plasmin from binding to and degrading fibrin

27
Q

features of lead poisoning?

A

abdominal pain
peripheral neuropathy (mainly motor)
neuropsychiatric features
fatigue
constipation
blue lines on gum margin

28
Q

what blood film abnormalities are seen in hyposplenism?

A

target cells
Howell-Jolly bodies
siderotic granules
acanthocytes
Pappenheimer bodies

29
Q

what is the empirical abc for neutropenic sepsis?

A

Piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin)

30
Q

explain what reticulocyte counts represents in sickle cell

A

Aplastic crisis has reduced reticulocytes, whereas sequestration crisis has increased reticulocytes

31
Q

what malignancy are renal transplant patients at risk of?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin due to immunosuppression

32
Q

what is assoc with this triad: HIV, neuro symptoms, widespread demyelination?

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

33
Q

which symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma are assoc with poor prognosis?

A

weight loss > 10% in last 6 months
fever > 38ºC
night sweats

34
Q

what is characteristic of toxoplasmosis?

A

HIV, neuro symptoms, multiple brain lesions with ring enhancement

passmed incorrect (5 decks)

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