haematology incorrect Flashcards
what is the underlying aetiology of ITP?
antibodies directed against the glycoprotein IIb/IIa or Ib-V-IX complex
what anaemia is CLL assoc with?
warm autoimmune haemolytic
tx for essential thrombocytosis?
hydroxyurea
tx for polycythaemia ruby vera?
venesection
when do you do proximal leg USS within 4 hrs or D-dimer if not already done?
2-level DVT Wells score ≥ 2 points
2-level DVT Wells score â≤ 1 point, D-dimer positive
when do you diagnose DVT and continue anticoagulant?
first proximal leg ultrasound is positive OR
second proximal leg ultrasound is positive
what is this + what it assoc with?
target cells
assoc with Sickle-cell/thalassaemia
Iron-deficiency anaemia
Hyposplenism
Liver disease
what is this + what assoc with?
tear drop/poikilocytes
assoc with myelofibrosis
what is this + what assoc with?
Spherocytes
assoc with Hereditary spherocytosis
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia
what is this + what assoc with?
Basophilic stippling
assoc with Lead poisoning
Thalassaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia
Myelodysplasia$
what is this + what assoc with?
Howell-Jolly bodies
assoc with hyposplenism
what is this + what assoc with?
Heinz bodies
assoc with G6PD deficiency
Alpha-thalassaemia
what is this + what assoc with?
Schistocytes (‘helmet cells’)
assoc with Intravascular haemolysis
Mechanical heart valve
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
what is this + what assoc with?
‘Pencil’ poikilocytes
assoc with iron deficiency anaemia
what is this + what assoc with?
Burr cells (echinocytes)
assoc with Uraemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
what is this + what assoc with?
Acanthocytes
assoc with Abetalipoproteinemia
what is hypersegmented neutrophils assoc with?
megaloblastic anaemia
causes of normocytic anaemia?
anaemia of chronic disease
chronic kidney disease
aplastic anaemia
haemolytic anaemia
acute blood loss
what disorder is this?
bleeding problems, normal platelets, raised bleeding time, APTT raised
factor VIII levels moderately reduced
defective platelet aggregation with ristocetin
von willebrand’s disease
what disorder is this?
epistaxis, spider naevi, arteriovenous malformations
HHT
causes of normoblastic, macrocyctic anaemia?
alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroidism
pregnancy
reticulocytosis
myelodysplasia
drugs: cytotoxics
causes of microcytic anaemia?
iron-deficiency anaemia
thalassaemia*
congenital sideroblastic anaemia
anaemia of chronic disease (more commonly a normocytic, normochromic picture)
lead poisoning
what is a s/e of ciprofloxacin ?
haemolytic in G6PD pts
underlying aetiology of factor V Leiden?
activated protein C resistance
underlying aetiology for polycythaemia rubra vera?
Mutation in JAK2
MOA of tranexamic acid?
Reversibly binds to lysine receptor sites on plasminogen or plasmin, preventing plasmin from binding to and degrading fibrin
features of lead poisoning?
abdominal pain
peripheral neuropathy (mainly motor)
neuropsychiatric features
fatigue
constipation
blue lines on gum margin
what blood film abnormalities are seen in hyposplenism?
target cells
Howell-Jolly bodies
siderotic granules
acanthocytes
Pappenheimer bodies
what is the empirical abc for neutropenic sepsis?
Piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin)
explain what reticulocyte counts represents in sickle cell
Aplastic crisis has reduced reticulocytes, whereas sequestration crisis has increased reticulocytes
what malignancy are renal transplant patients at risk of?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin due to immunosuppression
what is assoc with this triad: HIV, neuro symptoms, widespread demyelination?
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
which symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma are assoc with poor prognosis?
weight loss > 10% in last 6 months
fever > 38ºC
night sweats
what is characteristic of toxoplasmosis?
HIV, neuro symptoms, multiple brain lesions with ring enhancement
