haematology incorrect

Question 1

what is the underlying aetiology of ITP?

Answer 1

antibodies directed against the glycoprotein IIb/IIa or Ib-V-IX complex

Question 2

what anaemia is CLL assoc with?

Answer 2

warm autoimmune haemolytic

Question 3

tx for essential thrombocytosis?

Answer 3

hydroxyurea

Question 4

tx for polycythaemia ruby vera?

Answer 4

venesection

Question 5

when do you do proximal leg USS within 4 hrs or D-dimer if not already done?

Answer 5

2-level DVT Wells score ≥ 2 points
2-level DVT Wells score â≤ 1 point, D-dimer positive

Question 6

when do you diagnose DVT and continue anticoagulant?

Answer 6

first proximal leg ultrasound is positive OR
second proximal leg ultrasound is positive

Question 7

what is this + what it assoc with?

Answer 7

target cells

assoc with Sickle-cell/thalassaemia
Iron-deficiency anaemia
Hyposplenism
Liver disease

Question 8

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 8

tear drop/poikilocytes

assoc with myelofibrosis

Question 9

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 9

Spherocytes

assoc with Hereditary spherocytosis
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia

Question 10

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 10

Basophilic stippling

assoc with Lead poisoning
Thalassaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia
Myelodysplasia$

Question 11

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 11

Howell-Jolly bodies

assoc with hyposplenism

Question 12

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 12

Heinz bodies

assoc with G6PD deficiency
Alpha-thalassaemia

Question 13

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 13

Schistocytes (‘helmet cells’)

assoc with Intravascular haemolysis
Mechanical heart valve
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 14

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 14

‘Pencil’ poikilocytes

assoc with iron deficiency anaemia

Question 15

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 15

Burr cells (echinocytes)

assoc with Uraemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Question 16

what is this + what assoc with?

Answer 16

Acanthocytes

assoc with Abetalipoproteinemia

Question 17

what is hypersegmented neutrophils assoc with?

Answer 17

megaloblastic anaemia

Question 18

causes of normocytic anaemia?

Answer 18

anaemia of chronic disease
chronic kidney disease
aplastic anaemia
haemolytic anaemia
acute blood loss

Question 19

what disorder is this?

bleeding problems, normal platelets, raised bleeding time, APTT raised

factor VIII levels moderately reduced
defective platelet aggregation with ristocetin

Answer 19

von willebrand’s disease

Question 20

what disorder is this?

epistaxis, spider naevi, arteriovenous malformations

Answer 20

HHT

Question 21

causes of normoblastic, macrocyctic anaemia?

Answer 21

alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroidism
pregnancy
reticulocytosis
myelodysplasia
drugs: cytotoxics

Question 22

causes of microcytic anaemia?

Answer 22

iron-deficiency anaemia
thalassaemia*
congenital sideroblastic anaemia
anaemia of chronic disease (more commonly a normocytic, normochromic picture)
lead poisoning

Question 23

what is a s/e of ciprofloxacin ?

Answer 23

haemolytic in G6PD pts

Question 24

underlying aetiology of factor V Leiden?

Answer 24

activated protein C resistance

Question 25

underlying aetiology for polycythaemia rubra vera?

Answer 25

Mutation in JAK2

Question 26

MOA of tranexamic acid?

Answer 26

Reversibly binds to lysine receptor sites on plasminogen or plasmin, preventing plasmin from binding to and degrading fibrin

Question 27

features of lead poisoning?

Answer 27

abdominal pain peripheral neuropathy (mainly motor) neuropsychiatric features fatigue constipation blue lines on gum margin

Question 28

what blood film abnormalities are seen in hyposplenism?

Answer 28

target cells Howell-Jolly bodies siderotic granules acanthocytes Pappenheimer bodies

Question 29

what is the empirical abc for neutropenic sepsis?

Answer 29

Piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin)

Question 30

explain what reticulocyte counts represents in sickle cell

Answer 30

Aplastic crisis has reduced reticulocytes, whereas sequestration crisis has increased reticulocytes

Question 31

what malignancy are renal transplant patients at risk of?

Answer 31

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin due to immunosuppression

Question 32

what is assoc with this triad: HIV, neuro symptoms, widespread demyelination?

Answer 32

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 33

which symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma are assoc with poor prognosis?

Answer 33

weight loss > 10% in last 6 months fever > 38ºC night sweats

Question 34

what is characteristic of toxoplasmosis?

Answer 34

HIV, neuro symptoms, multiple brain lesions with ring enhancement