Haematology Definitions Flashcards
Hypo
low
Hyper
high
Cytic
small
Chromic
pale
Milo
bone marrow
Haem
blood related
Poesis
making
Erythopoeisis
making of red blood cells
Reticulocyte
red blood cells that are still developing
Reticulocytosis
a condition where there is an increase in reticulocytes, immature red blood cells.
Differentiation
the process by which dividing cells change their functional or phenotypical type
myeloproliferative disorder
increase in the number of myelocyte cells
haemolysis
when the immune system (which normally defends the body against infection) makes an antibody against its own red blood cells.
hypoxia
low levels of oxygen in body tissue
pancytopenia
condition in which there is lower than normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood
Hypochromic
pale RBCs
Normochromic
normal colour RBCs
Microcytic
small RBCs
Microcytosis
term used to describe microcytic RBCs
Pallor
colour
Haematocrit (Hct)
is the volume of red blood cells as a ratio of whole blood volume.
mean cell volume (MCV)
the average volume of each red cell
mean cell haemoglobin (MCH)
the average mass of Hb in each RBC
mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
average concentration of Hb in each RBC
Platelet count
the no of platelets in a given volume of blood
Anaemia
reduction in the amount of haemoglobin in a given volume of blood below what would be expected in comparison with a healthy subject of the same age and gender
G-CSF
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Target cell
red blood cells that have a shooting target appearance with a bullseye
Central pallor
pale colour found in the middle of RBCs due to their indentation
if a RBC lacks central pallor what is it a sign of
iron deficiency anaemia
Megaloblast
abnormally large red blood cells
Polychromasia
increased blue tinge to the cytoplasm of a red blood cell. Indicates cell is young
Mechanisms
physiological process that lead to the illness
Causes
the disease or injury that produces the physiological disruption
Full blood count (FBC)
type of blood test
Megaloblastic anaemia
macrocytic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency
Haemolytic anaemia
reduction in Hb due to excessive haemolysis
Poikilocytosis
abnormally shaped red blood cells
Ferritin
blood protein that contains iron
Hepcidin
hormone responsible for regulation of iron recycling and iron balance
Transferrin
protein produced by liver that regulates absorption of iron into the blood
M-CSF
macrophage colony-stimulating factor;
GM-CSF
granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
Basophil
type of white blood cell, main function to defend against parasites or allergic reactions, initiating inflammation and preventing coagulation
intrathecal
around the spinal cord
proliferative disorder
uncontrolled increase in number of immune cells
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
thrombocytopenia
low platelet count
megaloblastic anaemia
an anaemia in which maturation of the nucleus is retarded in relation to that of the cytoplasm
Neutrophil
type of white blood cell, main function is defence against infection through phagocytosis.
Eosinophil
type of immune cell that contains granules, with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions and asthma
Microbicidal
agent that destroys microbes
Proliferation
increase in the no of cells as a result of cell growth and division
Chemotaxis
movement of cell in a direction corresponding to a gradient of increasing or decreasing concentration of a substance
Marginated
formation of a border
Adhere
stick to
Cytokine priming
release of cytokine leads to chemical gradient for WBCs to travel towards specific site
Heparin
type of anti-coagulant that decreases the clotting ability of the blood
Histamine
messenger molecule, released as part of local immune response
Proteolytic enzymes
enzymes that break down proteins
Leukocytes
white blood cells
Humoral immunity
…
Cell mediated immunity
…
Leukaemia
cancer of the white blood cells
Myeloid leukaemia
cancer of the myeloid cells
Lymphoid leukaemia
cancer of the lymphoid cells
acute conditions
severe and sudden in onset
chronic conditions
the disease and deterioration go on for a long period of time
aetiology
the cause or origin of disease
Haemopoesis
making of new blood
prognosis
likely outcome of the disease, chance of recovery or recurrence
Neutrophil hypersegmentation
increase in the average number of neutrophil lobes or segments
monocytosis
too many monocytes
Lymphopenia
reduction in lymphocyte count
Chronic
longstanding
Acute
recent
Lymphocytosis
too many lymphocytes
Persistent
continuing to exist over a long period
Non-segmented
not divided into or made up for segments
Toxic granulation
heavy coarse granulation of neutrophils
Band cell
immature form of neutrophils
Left shift
increase in non-segmented, immature neutrophils or there are neutrophil precursors in the blood, presence of immature neutrophils in blood
Toxic changes
…
Leukocytosis
increase in WBC no in the blood
Eosinophilia
increase in eosinophil numbers in the blood
Neutrophilia
increase in the no of neutrophils in blood
–cytosis
too many
–penia
to little/ reduction
lymphopenia
reduction in lymphocyte count
leukocytosis
too many white blood cells
leukopenia
reduction in the total number of RBCs
neutropenia
reduction in neutrophil count
