Diagnostic Role Of Blood Film Flashcards
What does Haematoxylin bind to?
Acidic components of cells - particularly to DNA and therefore shows up in the nucleus
What does Eosin stain?
Binds proteins components, particularly in the cytoplasm
What does Leishmans Stain do?
Makes the nucleus visible
What is the field Iris?
The light that comes from the bottom of the microscope
What lens is it best to start with during microscope based practicals?
The Lowe power objective lens (4x)
What is the correct order in which your should focus your image?
- Focus the image
- Focus the condenser
- Adjust the field Iris
- Adjust the condenser Iris
How should blood be smeared onto the slide when preparing a blood film?
Place a drop of blood onto the glass slide and smear it away from you using a second piece of glass as a spreader - this ensures the blood drop stays behind the spreader otherwise blood cells might become damaged between the two slides
What color does Leishmans stain turn nuclei?
Purple - blue
What color does Leishmans stain turn cytoplasmic components?
Pink
What color do white blood cells appear when being stained with Leishmans?
Blue
What blood cell has a bi-lobed nucleus, with bright pink cytoplasmic granules?
Eosinophil
What blood cell has blue stained cytoplasmic granules and a lobed nuclei?
Basophil
Which blood cells has a multi lobed nucleus with pink cytoplasmic granules?
Neutrophil
Which blood cell has an indented nucleus and pale granules in its cytoplasm?
Monocytes
What are elevated eosinophil levels indicative of?
Allergic reactions eg asthma or parasitic infections
In what two circumstances might an increased number of basophils be found?
Chronic myelonous leukaemia
Hypersensitivity
What is meant by the term left shift?
An increase in the proportion of band cel,s or the presence of neutrophil precursors in the blood
The presence of what in neutrophils can be an indicator of bacterial infection?
Clear vacuoles
What is seen in a blood film of a patient with CML?
A spectrum of granulocytes cells from myeloblasts to mature neutrophils
What is the definition of megaloblastic anaemia?
anaemia in which maturation of the nucleus is retarded in relation to that of the cytoplasm.
What are the most characteristic features of megaloblastic anaemia that are seen on a blood film?
Hypersegmented neutrophils and macrophages
Oval macrophages
What is the function of the microscope stage?
To hold a microscope slide
How is the degree of illumination of a microscope slide best adjusted?
By changing the lamp voltage
What does a lymphocyte look like on a blood film?
Large round nucleus and relative lack of cytoplasm
What is the key function of a neutrophil?
First line of defense in innate immunity and phagocytose microbes
What are the key functions of monocytes?
Production of cytokines and phagocytosis of microbes and apoptose cells
What are the key functions of lymphocytes?
Production of cytokines - T cells
Production of antibodies - B cells
How are basophils activated?
Cross linking of IgE on their surface to release cytokines
What does the release of cytokines from basophils do?
Helps with anti-helminth immune responses
What are the main functions of eosphils?
Defense against parasitic infections through the release of specific cytokines and also involved in inflammation as seen in asthma and allergy
