Haematology

Question 1

What type of anaemia is iron deficiency anaemia?

Answer 1

Microcytic (low MCV)

Question 2

Transferrin is responsible for transporting

Answer 2

Fe3+/ferric ions

Question 3

3 medications that can cause iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 3

1. PPIs
2. NSAIDs
3. Aspirin

Question 4

Where is Vit B12 absorbed?

Answer 4

Terminal ileum/jejenum

Question 5

3 medications that can cause vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 5

1. PPIs
2. H2-receptor antagonists
3. Colchicine

Question 6

What term is given to LMN symptoms/stiffness/falls etc caused by untreated Vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 6

Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

Question 7

Vitamin B12 treatment

Answer 7

IM hydroxocobalamin

Question 8

5 medications that can cause folate deficiency?

Answer 8

1. Nitrofurantoin
2. Trimethoprim
3. Sulfasalazine
4. Methotrexate
5. Anticonvulsants

Question 9

4 types of sickle cell crises

Answer 9

1. Vaso-occlusive crisis (bone pain)
2. Acute chest syndrome (lung capillary blockage)
3. Sequestration crisis (block spleen blood flow)
4. Aplastic crisis (parvovirus B19 infection)

Question 10

4 types of lymphoid lineage malignancies

Answer 10

ALL
CLL
Lymphoma
Myeloma

Question 11

What group is ALL seen in?

Answer 11

Children - young adults

Question 12

What group is CLL seen in?

Answer 12

Older people

Question 13

What type of cancer can CLL transform into?

Answer 13

Non-Hogdkin’s Lymphoma - Richter syndrome

Question 14

Multiple myeloma is cancer of

Answer 14

Plasma cells (B cells) that produce antibodies

Question 15

Who does multiple myeloma commonly affect?

Answer 15

Black older men

Question 16

The acronym CRAB stands for what in multiple myeloma?

Answer 16

Calcium (raised)
Renal failure
Anaemia
Bone pain

Question 17

Reed-Sternberg cells are seen in which cancer?

Answer 17

Hogkdkin’s

Question 18

Myelodysplastic syndrome increases the risk of which cancer?

Answer 18

AML

Question 19

AML is most common in what age group?

Answer 19

Older people

Question 20

Auer rods are diagnostic of what cancer?

Answer 20

AML

Question 21

CML is commonly caused by what chromosomal abnormality?

Answer 21

Philadelphia chromosome

Question 22

Haemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in which factor?

Answer 22

VIII

Question 23

Haemophilia B is caused by a deficiency in which factor?

Answer 23

IX

Question 24

Haemophilia A/B are inherited in what way?

Answer 24

X-linked recessive

Question 25

Von Willebrand Disease is inherited in what way?

Answer 25

Autosomal dominant

Question 26

VWF is responsible for binding fVIII to prevent degradation and…

Answer 26

Aiding platelet adherence and aggregation

Question 27

VWF presents similarly to

Answer 27

Haemophilia

Question 28

Polycythaemia is an increase in

Answer 28

Haemocrit +/- Hb

Question 29

Primary polycythaemia is caused by

Answer 29

Increased erythrocytes - Myeloproliferative disease

Question 30

Secondary polycythaemia is caused by

Answer 30

Increased EPO - Hypoxia (COPD, apnoea), renal cancer, anabolic steroids

Question 31

Complication of polycythaemia

Answer 31

Thrombosis

Question 32

5 causes of haemolytic anaemia

Answer 32

1. SCA
2. G6PD deficiency
3. Paraoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobunia
4. Autoimmune
5. Prosthetic heart valves

Question 33

Jaundice, anaemia and splenomegaly are signs of what condition?

Answer 33

Haemolytic anaemia

Question 34

5 causes of neutropenia

Answer 34

1. Infection: TB, malaria
2. Cancer treatment
3. Drugs - Epilepsy, carbimazole, allopurinol, clozapine
4. Sjogren’s/SLE
5. Copper and zinc deficiency

Question 35

Thromotic thrombocytopenia purpura is caused by

Answer 35

Platelets becoming trapped in clots

Question 36

3 causes of impaired platelet synthesis

Answer 36

1. Sepsis
2. Liver failure
3. Malignancy

Question 37

3 causes of platelet destruction

Answer 37

1. Sodium valproate
2. Alcohol
3. Methotrexate

Question 38

Aplastic anaemia is the deficiency of what

Answer 38

< 2 WBC/RBC/platelets