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Module 2 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

RF for atopic dermatitis

A

PH/FH of allergies/hayfever/asthma

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2
Q

Atopic dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction and what immunoglobulin is it categorised by?

A

Type 4 - IgE

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3
Q

What medication can be given to combat itching in itchy skin conditions?

A

Antihistamines

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4
Q

What can be given during an eczema flare up?

A

Topical steroid alongside standard emollient

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5
Q

Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by

A

Chemicals - Detergents, paint, oils

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6
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis is caused by

A

Allergies to cosmetics, metals, steroids, suncream

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7
Q

3 differences between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Irritant is 1) immediate onset and 2) rash is localised. Allergic contact dermatitis has a delayed onset and is due to 3) type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

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8
Q

Complication of nappy rash

A

Candidiasis

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9
Q

Peri-oral dermatitis presents with erythematous ? and typically affects?

A

Papules, affects the mouth/nose in women

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10
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis is caused by

A

Malassezia yeast colonisation

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11
Q

Antifungal that can treat fungal skin complaints such as seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Clotrimazole

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12
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis is also known as

A

Cradle cap or dandruff/pityriasis capititis

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13
Q

Discoid eczema can be caused by what 3?

A
  1. Contact dermatitis
  2. Staph aureus
  3. Chronic alcoholism
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14
Q

3 specific findings in venous eczema

A
  1. Atrophie blanche (white scars around red spots)
  2. Champagne bottle shape legs - lipodermatosclerosis
  3. Orange-brown macular pigmentation
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15
Q

Actinic keratitis presents with

A

A thickened plaque that is white/yellow and sometimes scaly/warty

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16
Q

Cause of tinea versicolor and where does it affect?

A

Malassezia yeast and stratum corneum on the face/back/chest.

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17
Q

Macular lesions of altered hyperpigmentation affecting the chest and back are a sign of

A

Tinea versicolor

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18
Q

What can tine versicolor cause in immunocompromised patients?

A

Lung issues

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19
Q

Dermaphyte infections are caused by

A

Tinea. rubrum

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20
Q

Tinea corporis is also known as

A

Ringworm infection

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21
Q

Tinea pedis is also known as

A

Athlete’s foot

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22
Q

Tinea capititis is ringworm infection of the

A

Scalp - causes round, scaly plaques and alopecia in affected area

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23
Q

Pityriasis rosea tends to present at what time of year?

A

Spring and autumn

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24
Q

Salmon coloured macule that begins on the chest then spreads 2 weeks later is…

A

Pityriasis rosea

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25
Q

A Harold patch is

A

Large, red patch on the back/chest

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26
Q

Christmas tree pattern refers to

A

Small symmetrical lesions that appear 2 weeks later on the trunk/neck/peripheries in pityriasis rose

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27
Q

5 causes for pityriasis rosea

A
  1. Fungal infection
  2. Herpes 6/7
  3. HPV or diphtheria vaccine
  4. Metronidiazole
  5. NSAIDs
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28
Q

What STI must be ruled out in pityriasis rosea?

A

Syphillis

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29
Q

5 environmental causes of psoriasis

A
  1. Cold weather
  2. Skin infection
  3. Aspirin
  4. Sunlight
  5. Stress
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30
Q

Pathophysiology of psoriasis

A
  1. Autoimmune - excess TNF-a and excessive T cell activity promotes
  2. Keratinocytes proliferate
  3. This causes parakeratosis
  4. Stratum corneum cells are poorly adhered - flaking and scales
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31
Q

Chronic plaque psoriasis is the most common type of psoriasis. Where does it affect?

A

Scalp and flexor regions

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32
Q

Pustular psoriasis causes what 2 findings on the hands/feet

A
  1. Pustules on palms/soles

2. Nail pitting and thickening

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33
Q

Guttate psoriasis presents with red scales over the body and is caused by

A

URTI - group A beta haemolytic streptococcus

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34
Q

5 steps of management for psoriasis

A
  1. Avoid triggers
  2. Emollients
  3. Vitamin D supplements
  4. Steroid creams (reduce inflammation)
  5. Salicylic acid (lifts off scales)
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35
Q

Lichen planus presents with shiny purple papules with what across?

A

Wickham striae

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36
Q

2 virus that predispose a woman to lichen planus?

A

Herpes and Hep B

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37
Q

Most common bacteria in acne

A

P. acnes

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38
Q

What antibiotics must be avoided in acne due to resistance to P. acnes?

A

Macrolide - erythromycin

39
Q

Benzoyl peroxide MOA

A

Kills P. acnes bacteria

40
Q

Topical retinoids MOA

A

Reduce sebum production

41
Q

Rosacea red flags

A
  1. Impaired vision
  2. Painful eyes

Can be a sign of keratitis/cornea inflammation

42
Q

Bacteria that causes folliculitis

A

Staph. aureus

43
Q

Androgenic alopecia in females tends to cause

A

Hair thinning

44
Q

3 conditions that pre-dispose a female to hair thinning

A

Diabetes
Hypopituitarism
Polycystic ovary syndrome - due to excess male hormones

45
Q

A purulent nail fold with erythema and swelling, and in chronic cases nail plate irregularities is?

A

Paronychia

46
Q

Tinea unguium is

A

Onychomycosis

47
Q

5 RF for onychomycosis

A
  1. Men
  2. Excess perspiration
  3. PAD
  4. Diabetes
  5. Nail injury in damp public place
48
Q

Onychomycosis must be treated as it can cause cellulite. What is the 1st and 2nd line?

A

1st: Oral terbinafine
2nd: Itraconazole

49
Q

Oral herpes is caused by

A

HSV-1

50
Q

Herpes gingivostomatitis causes what 3 symptoms?

A
  1. Cold sores
  2. Tingling/burning sensation at sore
  3. Fever
51
Q

Herpetic whitlow causes a

A

Finger lesion

52
Q

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by what family of viruses?

A

Poxvirus

53
Q

A small raised papule with a dimple in the centre clustered around the flexor regions is a sign of

A

MC

54
Q

Verrucae are caused by

A

HPV

55
Q

Verruca vulgaris is a

A

Common wart: Round shape, fir, raised

56
Q

Verruca plana is a

A

Flat ward

57
Q

Verruca plantaris is

A

A wart on the sole of the foot

58
Q

Pathophysiology behind VZV infection

A
  1. VZV multiples in lung epithelial cells and spread around the body
  2. Primary viraemia: Infects liver and spleen, infects lymph nodes and causes fever.
  3. Secondary viraemia: Causes skin lesions and infects skin sensory neurones
  4. Lies dormant in dorsal root ganglion
59
Q

Chickenpox symptoms begin how many weeks post-initial infection?

A

2 weeks

60
Q

A red macule that elevates to a papule then pustule is a sign of

A

Chickenpox

61
Q

Chickenpox often proceeds a

A

URTI

62
Q

Postherpetic neuralgia is

A

Pain in the affected dermatome after shingles infection (6 weeks)

63
Q

What age group receives a shingle vaccine?

A

70-78 year olds

64
Q

What medication must be avoided in chickenpox/shingles?

A

NSAIDs/aspirin - Reye’s Syndrome - toxic build up of ammonia/serious skin infection

65
Q

Condyloma acuminatum refers to

A

Genital warts caused by HPV

66
Q

HPV 6/11 cause

A

Genital warts

67
Q

HPV 16/18 cause

A

Anogenital cancers

68
Q

Cellulitis is caused by which 2?

A

Staph. aureus and strep. progenies

69
Q

Erysipelas is

A

Superficial cellulitis with lymphatic involvement - very well demarcated

70
Q

Management for cellulitis in a healthy person/no comorbidities/no systemic toxicity?

A

High dose oral Abx - flucloxacillin or clarithromycin

71
Q

2 safety netting pieces of advice for someone with Class I cellulitis?

A

Go to hospital if cellulitis spreads or you start to feel unwell

72
Q

Class II cellulitis management

A

Systemically unwell or well but with comorbidity that complicates treatment

  • Admission to hospital
  • IV flucloxacillin
73
Q

Class IV cellulitis causes

A

Sepsis or necrotising fasciitis

74
Q

Most common type of impetigo and bacteria that cause it

A

Non-bullous, S. aureus +/- S. pyogenes

75
Q

Impetigo can go onto cause

A

Glomerulonephritis (post-strep infection)

76
Q

The less common bullies impetigo is caused by

A

S. aureus

77
Q

2 management points for impetigo

A
  1. Avoid immunocompromised people/work/school until 48 hours after initial treatment
  2. Medication
    - 1st: Hydrogen peroxide 1%
    - 2nd: Topical flucloaxcillin and fusidic acid
    - 3rd: Oral flucloxaccilin and mupriocin acid
78
Q

White spots attached to hair is a sign of

A

Headliace

79
Q

Scabies is caused by the parasite mite…

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

80
Q

Red papule rashes in skin creases, with itchiness that worsens at night is a sign of

A

Scabies

81
Q

2 key differences that diagnose scabies

A
  1. Itching that worsens at night

2. Affected family members

82
Q

3 characteristics of a BCC

A
  1. Pearly nodule
  2. Telangiectasia
  3. Ulceration with rolled edge
83
Q

In situ SCC is called

A

Bowen’s Disease

84
Q

Melanomas metastasise to

A

Brain, liver, bones, abdomen, lymph nodes

85
Q

Weighted 7 point checklist in melanoma

A

3+ = 2 week cancer referral

Major (2)

  • Diameter changes
  • Irregular shape
  • Irregular colour

Minor (1)

  • Largest diameter > 7
  • Inflammation
  • Oozing
86
Q

Anaphylaxis management (3)

A
  1. IM adrenaline
  2. IV hydrocortisone
  3. IV antihistamine
87
Q

5 causes of erythema multiform

A
  1. Mycoplasma pneumonia
  2. Anticonvulsants
  3. Lidocaine
  4. Antimalarias
  5. Vaccines to varicella or hepB
88
Q

Symmetrical bull’s-eyes lesions that develop 24 hours post vaccine are a sign of

A

Erythema multiform

89
Q

Acute onset of a rash with ulcerations on the mucosa, and sloughing epidermis (Nikolsky’s) is a sign of

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (<10%) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (> 30%)

90
Q

Symmetrical depigmentation with halo naves is a sign of

A

Vitiligo

91
Q

5 causes of vitiligo

A
  1. Autoimmune thyroid disease
  2. SLE
  3. Pernicious anaemia
  4. Koeber’s phenomenon
  5. T1DM
92
Q

Hidadentitis suppurative tends to affect

A

Obese women with a family history who smoke

93
Q

Blotchy brown pigmentation on the skin is a sign of

A

Melasma

94
Q

Melasma is caused by

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Contraception
  • Thyroid disease

Module 2 (7 decks)

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