Haematology Flashcards
What is Polycythemia Vera?
Stem cell disorder characterized by elevated RBC mass (erythrocytosis) ± increased white cell and platelet production
What are your Lymphocytes?
B-Cells and T-Cells
What are your Myeloid Cells?
Platelets, RBCs, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
What are the clinical features of Polycythaemia Vera? (5)
Symptoms are secondary to high red cell mass and hyperviscosity
Thrombotic Complications (DVT, PE, Budd-Chiari - hepatic vein thrombosis, stroke, MI)
Erythromelalgia (burning pain in hands and feet and erythema of the skin)
Pruritis - after warm shower
Gout
Plethora (ruddy complexion)
Hepatosplenomegaly
What needs to ruled out in Polycythaemia Vera?
High EPO
How is Polycythaemia Vera treated?
Phlebotomy to keep hematocrit <45%
Hydroxyurea (prior thrombosis or symptoms, severe coronary artery disease, refractory to phlebotomy)
Low-dose Aspirin® (for antithrombotic prophylaxis, will also treat erythromelalgia)
Allopurinol: as needed
Antihistamines: as needed
What are the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms?
CML
Polycythaemia Vera
Idiopathic Myelofibrosis
Essential Thrombocytopenia
How is Amoebiasis treated?
Metronidazole
What mutation is associated with Polycythaemia Rubra?
JAK2
Name 5 tests that should be done in suspicion of Polycythaemia Vera?
Full blood count/film (raised haematocrit; neutrophils, basophils, platelets raised in half of patients)
JAK2 mutation
Serum ferritin
Renal and liver function tests
What is the mechanism of action of Dabigatran?
Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor.
What is the MOA of Rivaroxiban?
Rivaroxaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor.
How does Iron deficiency anaemia present on bloods and iron studies?
Hypochromic microcytic anaemia
Iron - Low
Ferritin - Low
TIBC- High
