Haematology Flashcards
What is a band?
Immature granulocyte
High band = left shift = inflammation/infection
What is a myelocyte?
Granulocyte precursor
Usually found in bone marrow but can be found in peripheral blood (left shift) during inflammation, infection or some leukaemias
What is the mechanism of LMWH?
Factor Xa inhibitor (by binding antithrombin)
Which clotting factor is affected in haemophilia A?
VIII
Which clotting factor is affected in haemophilia B?
IX
What is the mechanism of dipyridamole?
Platelet inhibitor
Inhibits phosphodiesterase → increases cAMP
Inhibits adenosine reuptake → vasodilation
What is the most common congenital hemostatic disorder?
Von Willebrand disease
What are the types of congenital von Willebrand Disease?
- Quantitative deficiency of vWF and FVIII
- Qualitative defect in vWF
- Complete absence of vWF and FVIII
What is the most common type of von Willebrand Disease?
Type 1 (80%)
Quantitative deficiency of vWF and FVIII
How is von WIllebrand disease inherited?
Type 1 and type 2 autosomal dominant
Type 3 autosomal recessive
Hypersegmented polymorphonuclear cells are characteristic of which condition?
Megaloblastic anaemia
For how many days is LMWH used as bridging therapy to warfarin for VTE?
5 days AND until INR is 2 or above for 2 consecutive days
What are the 5 most common congenital thrombophilias?
- Factor V Leiden mutation (most common)
- Protein C deficiency
- Protein S deficiency
- Antithrombin deficiency
- Prothrombin gene mutation G20210A
When are haptoglobin levels measured?
In the investigation of haemolytic anaemia
Haemoglobin released from broken down erythrocytes binds to haptoglobin → decreased free, circulating haptoglobin
Occurs mostly in intravascular haemolysis
What type of cell is found on a blood smear in CLL?
Smudge cells (Grumprecht shadows)
Mature lymphocytes that rupture easily and appear as artifacts in a blood smear
