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Clinical Pathology, Immunology and Toxicology > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is PCV?

A

Packed cell volume - volume percentage of RBCs in blood

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2
Q

What is the buddy coat?

A

Layer in between plasma and RBC containing leucocytes and platelets

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3
Q

What is RBC?

A

Red blood cell concentration

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4
Q

What is HGB?

A

Amount of haemoglobin in the blood in g/dL

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5
Q

What is HCT?

A

Haematocrit (PCV)

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6
Q

What is MCV?

A

Mean corpuscular volume - average volume of the red blood cells

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7
Q

What is MCH?

A

Mean corpuscular haemoglobin - average haemoglobin per red blood cell

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8
Q

What is MCHC?

A

Mean cell haemoglobin concentration - average concentration of haemoglobin in the cells

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9
Q

What is RDW?

A

Red cell distribution - variation of cellular volume with the RBC population

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10
Q

What is the difference between haemoglobin content and concentration?

A 
Content = g
Concentration = g/dL
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11
Q

How can you class anaemia?

A

Mild, moderate or severe?

Regenerative or non-regenerative?

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12
Q

How would you class anaemia in terms of MCV (cell size)?

A

Normocytic
Microcytic
Macrocytic

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13
Q

How would you class anaemia in terms of MCHC?

A

Normochromic
Hypochromic
Hyperchromic

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14
Q

How could you tell whether you have a regenerative anaemia?

A

Whether bone marrow has responded to a drop in oxygen tension - (more new RBCs)

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15
Q

What is normocytic anaemia?

A

Erythrocytes of unremarkable size (associated with Non-regenerative anaemia)

e.g. acute haemorrhage

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16
Q

What is microcytic anaemia?

A

Small RBCs

Associated with Fe deficiency and hepatic failure or genetics (Akitas)

17
Q

What causes microcytic anaemia?

A

Red cell haemoglobin concentration determines when the red blood cell division stops -> iron deficiency allows for an extra division

18
Q

What is marcocytic anaemia?

A

In regeneration, young red blood cells are bigger

19
Q

What is a polychromatophil?

A

Young RBC

Stains more blue and larger with Diff-Quick

20
Q

What is normochromic/hypocrhomic anaemia?

A

Based on haemoglobin concentration –> Fe deficiency

21
Q

What are the only 2 reasons for regenerative anaemia?

A

Haemolysis

Haemorrhage

22
Q

What are the most common causes of non-regenerative anaemia?

A

Anaemia of chronic disease
Chronic renal failure
Decreased production in marrow

23
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

Young RBS

RNA precipitates forming aggregates with New Methylene Blue

24
Q

What is the difference between polychromatophil/reticulocyte?

A

They are the same cell, just stained differently

25
Q

How would you proportion reticulocytes change in anaemic animals?

A

Proportion would increase

26
Q

What may you see in a blood smear that would be useful in terms of diagnostics?

A 
Spherocytes
Ghost cells
Leptocytosis
Shear products
Oxidative damage
Organisms
27
Q

What is WBC?

A

White blood cell concentration

28
Q

What is neutrophilia?

A

Increased number of neutrophils

29
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

During inflammation blood levels decrease as they relocate to tissues

30
Q

What is left shift?

A

Increase in band neutrophil production

31
Q

What is a clue of toxicity in a neutrophil?

A

Frothy blue cytoplasma

Dohle bodies

32
Q

What is a regenerative left shift?

A

Neutrophilia

Segmented > Bands

33
Q

What is degenerative left shift?

A

Neutropenia

Bands > Segmented

34
Q

Describe acute leukemia

A

Blast cells in circulation
More likely to be lymphoid origin
If signs of segmented - myeloid origin

35
Q

Describe chronic leukemia

A

Chronic lymphoid leukaemia -> lymphocytes appear small and mature

Chronic myeloid leukaemia -> neutrophils appear normal

36
Q

What is a problem with platelets in terms of complete blood counts?

A

Clumping means machines underestimate

37
Q

What is haematopoietin?

A

Protein that enhances erythopoiesis
Stimulates formation of proerythroblasts and release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow
Formed by kidney and liver.

Clinical Pathology, Immunology and Toxicology (4 decks)

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