Haematology

Question 1

What is pancytopaenia?

Answer 1

red in rbc, white cells, platelets

Question 2

5 causes of pancytopenia?

Answer 2

sle, bone marrow failure, hypersplenism, megaloblastic anaemia, haemoglobin uraemia

Question 3

5 symptoms of pancytopenia

Answer 3

anameia, bleeding, fatigue, infections, headache, menstrual, epistaxis, petichiae

Question 4

Invest and treatment of pancytopenia

Answer 4

one marrow biopsy, treat cause

Question 5

catogorise the causes of neutropenia, give 3 eggs of each

Answer 5

low product 1- bone marrow malignancy, 2 aplastic anaemia, 3 chemo

normal productopn 1-feltys, hypersplenism, 3 malaria

Question 6

symtpoms neutropenia

Answer 6

recurrent infections (staph)

Question 7

inx for neutropenia

Answer 7

FBC, blood cultures, septic screen

Question 8

how to do blood cultures

Answer 8

2 sets, peripheral vein plus indwelling census catheter

Question 9

management neutropenia

Answer 9

tazocin

Question 10

Indications for bone marrow replacement (3)

Answer 10

1 aplastic anaemia (bone marrow failure), 2 leukaemia, 3 lymphoma, 4 myeloma

Question 11

what is Acute lymphocutic leukaemia

Answer 11

malignancy of B cells

Question 12

2 genetic translocations ALL

Answer 12

12;21 (most common), 9:22 (philadelphia)

Question 13

symp of ALL (5)

Answer 13

fatigue
dizziness
palps
recurrent infections
fever no obvious cause
splenomegals
headahce
DIC

Question 14

Inx for ALL

Answer 14

FBC, blood films, clotting, egg, echo, bone marrow asp +biopsy

Question 15

management for ALL

Answer 15

Short term CT, blood transfusions, box,

Question 16

what is AML

Answer 16

malignancy of bone marrow

Question 17

RF for AML (3, 2 congenital)

Answer 17

aplastic anaemia, polycythaemia rubra vera congenital - downs, fanconis

Question 18

3 sx for aml

Answer 18

bone pain
fatigue
dizzy
fever
splenomegaly

Question 19

inx for aml

Answer 19

fbc, clotting, LDH, bone marrow

Question 20

mx for aml

Answer 20

ct, stem cell transplant

Question 21

CML

Answer 21

malignancypluripotent haemopoetic stem cells

Question 22

genetic abnormality CML (1)

Answer 22

9,22 philadelphia

Question 23

sx cml (3)

Answer 23

fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy

Question 24

mmx cml

Answer 24

tyrosine kinase i

Question 25

CLL

Answer 25

malignant monoclonal expansion of b lymphs, accumulation of glyphs in blood, bone marrow, spleen

Question 26

sx of CLL (4)

Answer 26

fatigue, lymph nodes, bleeding, petechiae, tiredness, splenomegaly

Question 27

Inx for CML

Answer 27

clonal bcell lymphocytosis, bone marrow aspirate (lymphocytic replacement of normal marrow elements), immunophenotyping