Haematology Flashcards
What is the hallmark of CLL?
1) Accumulation of mature B cells
2) these have escaped cell death + undergone cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase
What is the commonest leukaemia
CLL
What are some symptoms of CLL
1) May be none
2) May be anaemic or infection prone
3) In severe CLL–> weight loss, sweats, LOA
Signs of CLL
1) Enlarged, rubbery non- tender nodes
2) Hepatosplenomegaly
What do blood tests show in CLL?
1) Lymphocytosis
2) Later: AI haemolysis + marrow infiltrate (low Hb, low neutrophils, low platelets)
What are some complications of CLL?
1) AI haemolysis
2) increased chance of infection due to hypogammaglobinaenia (low IgG)
3) Marrow failure
What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma characterised by?
Reed- Sternberg cells
What age does HL commonly present?
2 peaks: young adults + elderly
Symptoms of HL
1) Enlarged painless rubbery superficial LNs (typically cervical +/- axillary, inguinal)
2) +/- constitutional symptoms: fever + LOW, night sweats, lethargy
Signs of HL
1) LN enlargement
2) +/- cachexia, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly
Tests for HL
1) Tissue Dx: LN excisional biopsy
2) Bloods: FBE, Blood film, ESR, LFTs, LDH, urate, Ca++
what is NHL characterised by?
- All lymphomas without Reed-Sternberg cells
- Most are from B cell lines
What are the 2 classifications of NHL
1) Nodal (present with superficial lymphadenopathy)
2) Extra-nodal (skin, MALT, small bowel, CNS)
Systemic symptoms of NHL
1) Fever
2) Night sweats
3) LOW (less common than HL)
4) Pancytopaenia from marrow involvement (anaemia, infection, bleeding)
what is CML characterised by?
1) Uncontrolled clonal proliferation of myeloid cells
2) 15% of leukaemias
3) It is a myeloproliferative disorder
4) 40-60y, worse in males
