Haematology Flashcards
What is blood made up of?
55% plasma
45% erythrocytes/ leukocytes platelets
What is plasma made up of?
90% water 60% albumin 38% globulin 4% fibrinogen 2% salts
What are mast cells responsible for?
The release of histamine and activation of anaphylaxis
What stimulates the production of red blood cells?
Kidneys secrete erythropoietin with stimulates erythropoesis in bone marrow which then leads to production of RBC’s
What is Anaemia?
A reduction in quality and quantity of haemoglobin
Decreased RBC volume (erythrocytes)
What are some causes of Anaemia?
- blood loss
- iron deficiency
- renal disease
What are some S & S of Anaemia?
- Fatigue
- SOB
- Pale Ear lobes
- Dented nails
- Cracks in corner of mouth
- Pale palms
What is pernicious Anaemia?
Anaemia caused by a vitamin b12 deficiency, impaired uptake cos there’s of no intrinsic factors in gastric mucosa
What is sickle cell anaemia?
A typical haemoglobin molecules with symptoms beginning in childhood. Presents with repeated infections
What classifies a class 1 haemorrhage?
-15% of blood volume loss with no change in vital signs.
Class II haemorrhage is classified as what?
15-30% blood loss with first stages of shock=
-tachy, low Bp, pale
What classifies a class III haemorrhage?
30-40% blood loss
- tachy, Bp drops further, confusion
Transfusion needed
What classifies a class IV haemorrhage?
Greater than 40% blood loss
Resus needs to be aggressive.
What are the 4 stages of haemostasis?
1) Vasospasm
2) Formation of platelet plug
3) Coagulation cascade
4) Clot retraction
What is the breakdown of clots called?
Fibrinolysis
