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Year 5 - Pathology Copied Decks > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

t(9;22) translocation

  1. Name of resultant chromosome
  2. Associated Disease
  3. Resultant Protein
A

t(9;22) - Philadelphia chromosome

present in > 95% of patients with CML

BCR-ABL gene

Treat with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Imatinib!

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2
Q

t(15;17) translocation

A

Seen in APML (Acute ProMyelocitic Leukaemia)

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3
Q

t(8;14) translocation

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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4
Q

t(11;14) translocation

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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5
Q

Massive Splenomegaly = ? (Haem answer)

A

CML or Myelofibrosis

Non Haem:

Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)

Malaria

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6
Q

Post Splenectomy pathogens = ?

A

Encapsulated bacteria:

Haemophilus Influenzae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Meningococcus

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7
Q

DVT scoring system = ?

A

Wells score

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8
Q

Polycythaemia Rubra Vera mutation = ?

A

JAK2 - also first line test

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9
Q

Bence Jones Protein (BJP) in the urine = ?

A

Multiple Myeloma - symptoms = CRAB

(Can be Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia - Signs and symptoms of WM include LYMPHADENOPATHY + SPLENOMEGALY, weakness, fatigue, weight loss and chronic oozing of blood from the nose and gums.)

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10
Q

Heinz bodies on blood film (inclusions within RBCs) = ?

A

G6PD

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11
Q

Howell - Jolly bodies (purple spot of nuclear remnants in RBC)

A

Post-splenectomy or severe hyposplenism (e.g. sickle cell)

Also megaloblastic anaemia

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12
Q

Donath-Landsteiner antibodies

A

Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria

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13
Q

APTT monitors heparin or warfarin?

A

Heparin - Intrinsic Pathway

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14
Q

PT monitors heparin or warfarin?

A

Warfarin - Extrinsic Pathway

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15
Q

Heparin antidote?

A

Protamine Sulphate

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16
Q

Auer Rods = ?

A

AML

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17
Q

“Starry Sky” appearance - histology = ?

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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18
Q

JAK2 mutation = ?

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera

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19
Q

Aquagenic pruritus

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera

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20
Q

Smear cell

A

CLL

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21
Q

Teardrop dacrocyte

A

Myelofibrosis

22
Q

Osmotic fragility

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

23
Q

Ham’s test

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

24
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic Anaemia

25
Q

Cabot rings

A

Megaloblastic Anaemia

26
Q

Schistocytes

A

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA)

27
Q

‘Dry’ / ‘Bloody tap’ on BM aspirate

A

Myelofibrosis

28
Q

Low FVIII with nosebleeds / gum bleeding

A

VwD

29
Q

Maculopapular rash after transfusion

A

GVHD

30
Q

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)

A

Hairy cell leukaemia

31
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

32
Q

Centrocytes + Centroblasts on blood film

A

Follicular lymphoma (14;18)

33
Q

Monocytosis of >1000/mm3

A

Chronic myelo-monocytic leukaemia

34
Q

Severe headache + ESR >60

A

Temporal arteritis

35
Q

Test for Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

36
Q

MAHA

Fever

Renal Failure

CNS Signs (hallucinations / headaches etc)

Haematuria

Low platelets

A

TTP (MARCH with low platelets)

37
Q

Non classical hodgkins lymphoma

A

Nodular lymphocytic leukaemia

38
Q

Drug to treat CML

A

Imatinib

39
Q

Mech of action of imatinib

A

Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor

40
Q

Prolonged bleeding post dental surgery

A

VwD

41
Q

Most common type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Nodular Sclerosing (70%)

Good prognosis

42
Q

Felty’s syndrome =

A

Neutropenia + splenomegaly with underlying long-standing rhuematoid arthritis

43
Q

How long should warfarin therapy be continued?

  1. Provoked (e.g. recent surgery)
  2. Unprovoked
A
  1. 3 months

2. 6 months

44
Q

Management of DVT

A
  1. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or fondaparinux should be given ASAP after a DVT is diagnosed
  2. a vitamin K antagonist (i.e. warfarin) should be given within 24 hours of the diagnosis
  3. Continue LMWH for 5 days
  4. Continue warfarin for 3 - 6 months
45
Q

Investigation of DVT

A

If a DVT is ‘likely’ (2 points or more)
a proximal leg vein ultrasound scan should be carried out within 4 hours and, if the result is negative, a D-dimer test
if a proximal leg vein ultrasound scan cannot be carried out within 4 hours a D-dimer test should be performed and low-molecular weight heparin administered whilst waiting for the proximal leg vein ultrasound scan (which should be performed within 24 hours)

If a DVT is ‘unlikely’ (1 point or less)
perform a D-dimer test and if it is positive arrange:
a proximal leg vein ultrasound scan within 4 hours
if a proximal leg vein ultrasound scan cannot be carried out within 4 hours low-molecular weight heparin should be administered whilst waiting for the proximal leg vein ultrasound scan (which should be performed within 24 hours)

46
Q

anti-Cardiolipin antibody

A

antiphospholipid syndrome

47
Q

Warfarin target INR

A

VTE = 2.5, if recurrent 3.5

Atrial fib = 2.5

48
Q

Genetic translation associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

C-myc gene

49
Q

Most common inherited thrombophilia

A

FV Leiden

50
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

VwD

51
Q

Rate limiting enzyme in haem synthesis

A

ALA synthase

Year 5 - Pathology Copied Decks (24 decks)

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