Haematological malignancy Flashcards
pathogenesisi of haematological malignancy
mutation in a haemopoetic stem cell (long lived), multistep process.
name the myeloid cells - thus these result inmyeloid malignancies
erythrocytes, platelets, monocytes, granulocytes (baso, eosino, neutro)
what are blast cells?
stem cell proliferation but a block to proliferation resulting in immature myeloid cells which gather in the bone marrow replacing bine marrow.
myeloproliferative disorders examples
CML
ALL -
proliferation but a block to differentiation of lymphoid progenitor cells - causing gathering of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow
Mature lymphoid malignancies
occur in a mature lymphoid cells (B, T, plasma)
if the disease presents in the bone marrow and blood its called…
Leukaemia
if the disease presents in the lymph/lymph nodes and elsewhere its called…
lymphoma
what is the commonest leukaemia?
CLL (raised white count, swollen lymph nodes, ix with markers and genetic tests -p53, C12, C13)
differences in acute and chronic laukaemia…
Acute - Leukaemic cells do not differentiate, Bone marrow failure, Rapidly fatal if untreated, Potentially curable E.g childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Good prognosis acute myeloid leukaemia treated with chemotherapy.
Chronic - Leukaemic cells retain ability to differentiate, Proliferation without bone marrow failure, Survival for a few years, Potentially curable with modern therapy E.g Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors in CML
what does the germinal centre do?
here is where the immature b cells are wired to respond to antigens.
b cell maturation - somatic hypermnutation
progenitor - pre - immature - indentifty follicles via antigens then naïve then into the germinal centre of follicle cells - t
localised and painful lymphadeopathy is characteristic of…
bacterial infection in draining site
localised and painless lymphadeopathy is characteristic of…
metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, tb
Generalisedand painful lymphadeopathy is characteristic of…
viral infections - cmv, ebv, hep, hiv
