Haematological Malignancies Flashcards
What are leukaemias?
A group of cancers in the blood or bone marrow characterised by abnormal proliferation of blood cells (usually white blood cells)
What is HCT in a full blood count?
The volume of red blood cells as a percentage of blood volume
What does MCV in blood tests show?
Anaemia type
What are multipotent stem cells (HSC)
Haematopoeic stem cells. Unspecialised cells capable of two essential functions: differentiation and generation All cells developed from these.
Which cells are affected in acute leukaemia?
Early blast cells
Which cells are affected in chronic leukaemia?
Differentiated cells that are resistant to apoptosis
What is the function of stem cells?
To sustain cell population throughout lifetime. Can differentiate and can self renew, but can become temporarily dormant.
What are the different types of leukaemia?
Acute myeloid, chronic myeloid, acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymph
Which cells are involved in myeloid leukaemia?
RBC, platelets, myeloblasts, granulocytes, basophils, eosionophils
Which cells are involved in lymphoblastic leukaemia?
Lymphocytes, b cells, t cells, NK cells
Which leukaemia is common
Acute myeolid
Which leukaemia is common in young kids?
Acute lymphoblastic
Which leukaemia is common in older adults?
Chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia
What is the difference between acute and chronic leukaemias?
Acute involve young, immature blast cells in the bone marrow/blood and require prompt intervention. Chronic involves differentiated mature cells in the bone marrow/blood and is often subclinical and incidentally diagonsed
