Haematological disorders and Anaemia Flashcards
What are the effects of iron deficiency anaemia in preg?
preterm birth, low birth weight, PPD, PPH, neurodevelopmental deficiencies
describe erythropoiesis
production of RBCs, starts in bone marrow, dependent of vitamin B and foalte
compare heme and non-heme iron
heme iron: animal products
non-heme: plant derived, less readily absorbed
list the different types of anaemia
haemorrhagic, low RBC, RBC destroyed
describe possible causes of haemorrhagic anaemia
acute haemorrhage, chronic haemorrhage (constant bleeding), menstrual cycle induced (loss of >80ml per cycle)
describe possible causes of low RBC anaemia
secondary to haemorrhage normally, inadeq intake or absorption, pernicious where immune system cant absorb, aplastic where bone marrow cant produce
describe haemolytic/destructive anaemia
RBC rupture early, sickle cell, mismatched blood, malaria, chronic infection, overactive spleen
what causes normal anaemia in preg
expansion of plasma compared to RBC
list consequences of anaemia in preg
maternal death, preterm, PROM, infection, FGR
what is MCV
mean corpuscular cell volume = avg RBC size
what is RDW
red cell distribution width = range between sizes of RBCs
what other molecules can affect anaemia
iron, B12, folate
describe interaction bw anaemia and preeclampsia
anaemia can increase risk of preeclampsia by 4 times
describe treatment for anaemia
iron supplement, folate supplement for production, vit C helps absorption, needs to be long term
describe cell salvage
blood drawn before CS, then given back to woman, found to reduce incidence of PP anaemia in CS and need for iron infusion
describe Rh antigen and when issues may occur
Rh antigen on RBC, if mother -ve and baby +ve -> development of incompatibility, mat body produces antibodies if fetal blood exposure occurs, if next preg baby has Rh+ve then mat body will destroy baby RBCs
how is Rh mismatch treated?
anti D injection at 7 months then after delivery
what happens if Rh isoimmunisation not treated?
fetus will have anaemia, lysis of RBCS, jaundice, rash, liver swelling, oedema, heart failure, death
what type of immunisation occurs after anti D?
passive
