Haem

Question 1

Acanthocytes

Answer 1

spur/spike cells - RBC shows spicules

Due to - abetalipoprotein, liver disease, hyposplenism

Question 2

Basophilic stippling

Answer 2

small dots - rRNA seen

Due to - lead poisoning, megaloblastic anaemia, haemoglobinopathy

Question 3

Echinocyte

Answer 3

Burr cell - Irregularly shaped cells

Due to - uraemia, GI bleed, stomach carcinoma, PKD

Question 4

Heinz bodies

Answer 4

Denatured Hb

Due to - G6PD

Question 5

Howell Jolly bodies

Answer 5

Basophilic nuclear remenants

Due to - post splenectomy, hyposplenism, megaloblastic anaemia

Question 6

Leucoerythroblastic anaemia

Answer 6

myelophthistic - nucleared RBC and immature WBC

due to - marrow infiltration e.g. myelofibrosis or malignancy

Question 7

Pegler Huet

Answer 7

Hyposegmented neutrophil

due to - congenital or aquired myelodysplastic syndrome

Question 8

Polychromasia

Answer 8

sign of reticulocyte - RBC multiple colours due to different amounts of Hb
Due to - premature/innapropriate release from BM

Question 9

Reticulocyte

Answer 9

Immature RBC

due to - haemolytic anaemia

Question 10

Right shift

Answer 10

hypermature white cells - hypersegmented polymorphs

due to - megaloblastic anaemia, uraemia, liver disease

Question 11

Rouleaux formation

Answer 11

RBC stacks

due to - chronic inflammation, paraproteinaemia - MM

Question 12

Schistocytes

Answer 12

fragmented RBC

due to - MAHA, DIC, HUS, TTP, pre eclampsia

Question 13

Spherocytes

Answer 13

sphere shaped RBC

due to - hereditary, AIHA

Question 14

stomatocytes

Answer 14

central pallor is rod like - looks like fish mouth

due to - hereditary, high alcohol, liver disease

Question 15

Codocyte

Answer 15

target cell - bulls eye appearance in central pallor

Due to - liver diease, hyposplenism, thalassaemia, IDA

Question 16

herediatry spherocytosis test

Answer 16

eosin-5-maleimide

Question 17

G6PD pathway

Answer 17

pentose phosphate