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MEDICINE FINALS > HAEM > Flashcards

HAEM Flashcards

1
Q

How is sickle cell disease inherited?

A

Autosomal recessive

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2
Q

If both parents had sickle cell trait, what is the odds of them having a child with sickle cell anaemia?

A

25%

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3
Q

If one parent had sickle cell anaemia and the other parent was not a carrier for sickle cell, what are the chances of them having a child with sickle cell anaemia AND sickle cell trait?

A

All of the children will have sickle cell trait

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4
Q

What does it mean to have sickle cell trait?

A

You carry the gene for sickle cell anaemia and could pass it on to your children, it very rarely causes any actual symptoms

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5
Q

What is the management for sickle cell crisis?

A
  1. analgesia (IV morphine)
  2. vigorous IV rehydration
  3. O2
  4. warming
  5. broad spectrum antibiotics
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6
Q

What is the management for chronic sickle cell disease? (4)

A
  1. Hydroxycarbamide
  2. penicillin prophylaxis

+ vaccine propylaxis due to hyposplenia

  1. 5 yearly pneumococcal vaccination
  2. single dose meningitis vaccination
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7
Q

How is thalassaemia inherited?

A

autosomal recessive

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8
Q

What is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?

A

monoclonal proliferation of B cells

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9
Q

How does CLL present?

A

Often asymptomatic
- anorexia/ weight loss
- bleeding/ infections
- lymphadenopathy

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10
Q

What blood results would you see in FBC of someone with CLL? (3)

A
  • lymphocytosis
  • anaemia
  • thrombocytopenia
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11
Q

What diagnosis would a finding of smear cells on blood film suggest?

A

CLL

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12
Q

What are 3 complications of CLL?

A
  • hypogammaglobulinemia
  • warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
  • high grade lymphoma (Richters)
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13
Q

When does Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia typically present?

A

Age 60-70

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14
Q

Presence of the Philadelphia chromosome indicates which condition?

A

CML

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15
Q

What does the Philadelphia chromosome do?

A

Increases tyrosine kinase activity which increases cell proliferation

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16
Q

Which haematological condition is associated with down’s syndrome?

A

ALL

17
Q

What findings would you see on FBC of someone with CML?

A

increased eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils

18
Q

How is CML treated?

A

Imatinib

19
Q

Who is most often affected by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Over 75, Caucasian, FH

20
Q

Talk through the Ann Arbour Staging

A

I - single lymph node
II - 2+ lymph nodes
III - lymph nodes on BOTH sides of diaphragm
IV - spread beyond lymph nodes

21
Q

What would you see on histology of someone with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Reed Sternberg cells

22
Q

What age range are most affected by Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

bimodal - 3rd and 7th decade

23
Q

What are risk factors for developing Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

HIV/EBV

24
Q

What are 3 signs/symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A
  • painless asymmetrical lymphadenopathy
  • pain worsens on drinking alcohol

B symptoms - weight loss/night sweats/fever

25
Q

What would a FBC of someone with Hodgkin’s lymphomas show?

A
  • normocytic anaemia
  • eosinophilia
  • raised Lactate dehydrogenase
26
Q

What is the treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

chemo/radiotherapy

27
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A

Proliferation of plasma cells (play a role in immunity)

28
Q

What would you see on blood film of someone with multiple myeloma?

A

Rouleaux formation

29
Q

What are the symptoms of multiple myeloma?

A

CRAB
C-hypercalcaemia
R-renal insufficiency
A-anaemia
B-lytic bone lesions

(+bleeding/bruising/infection)

30
Q

What would you see on protein electrophoresis of blood/urine of someone with multiple myeloma?

A

Serum - monoclonal antibody band
Urine- Bence Jones proteins

31
Q

How is multiple myeloma treated? (3)

A

Chemo
bone marrow transplant
bisphosphonates

32
Q

What is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?

A

Malignant proliferation of B lymphocytes in bone marrow causing pancytopenia.

32
Q

What is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?

A

Malignant proliferation of B lymphocytes in bone marrow causing pancytopenia.

33
Q

Give 5 differential diagnoses for a petechial rash

A
  • leukaemia
  • meningococcal septicaemia
  • vasculitis
  • idiopathic thrombocytopaenia
  • non-accidental injury
34
Q

What would a blood film show for ALL?

A

Blast cells

35
Q

What would you see on blood film of someone with AML?

A

Auer rods

MEDICINE FINALS (19 decks)

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