Hadzic's Chapter 1 Reading Flashcards
The cervical plexus originates from the
anterior rami of C1-C4
In Cervical Plexus, the anterior rami combines into
3 loops from which the deep and superficial branches arise
The neuron is the
basic functional unit responsible for the conduction of nerve impulses
Anatomy of a neuron
A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma) that contains a large nucleus. The cell body is attached to several branching processes, called dendrites, and a single axon
Receive incoming messages
Dendrites
Conduct outgoing messages
axons
Peripheral nerves, axons are very long and slender. They
are also called
nerve fibers.
The individual nerve fibers that make up a nerve, like individual wires in an electric cable, are bundled together by
connective tissue.
Is an important part of the nerve
The connective tissue of a peripheral nerve
Which layer surround the ENTIRE NERVE and hold it loosely to the connective tissue?
Epineurium
Axons that bundles together within a nerve forms a ________surrounded by
Fascicle: perineurium
It is at this level that the nerve–blood barrier is located and constitutes the last protective barrier of the nerve tissue
Perineurium
Fine connective tissue within a fascicle that surrounds every individual nerve fiber or axon
Endoneurium
The nerves that make their exit through the skull are known as
cranial nerves, and there are 12 pairs of them.
The nerves that exit below the skull and between the vertebrae are called
spinal nerves, and there are 31 pairs of them
Each spinal nerve is formed by a
dorsal and a ventral root that come together at the level of the intervertebral foramen
Each spinal nerve supplies a specific segment of the body surface, known as a
dermatome.
A dermatome is an area of the skin supplied by
the dorsal (sensory) root of the spinal nerve
A myotome is the segmental innervation
of skeletal muscle by a ventral root of a specific spinal nerve
Other word for rami
Branch (smaller branch )
What are the four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus, the (Le grand tout seul)
Lesser occipital nerve
greater auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
supraclavicular nerve.
The four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus derived from
C2-C4
Cervical plexus innervation
SUN
scalp, upper shoulder, neck,
motor innervation to some of the muscles of the neck, the thoracic cavity, and the skin
Cervical plexus blocks are defined by
injections relative to the two layers of the deep cervical fascia (ie, the superficial, or investing, layer and the deep layer).
A superficial cervical plexus block involves
injection superficial to the investing layer
Intermediate block involves injection between
supervision and deep layer
The deep Cervical Plexus block involves injection
deep to the deep layer
Part and one of the larger branches of the plexus, innervates the diaphragm
The phrenic nerve
What is the spinal segment of the Ansa cervicalis (superior and inferior branches)
C1-C4
Distribution of the Ansa Cervicalis by way of which nerve
GOTSS
Five of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles
sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, geniohyoid, and thyrohyoid) by way of N XII (hypoglossal
Lesser occipital, transversecervical, supraclavicular, and greater auricular nerves spinal segment and distribution
C2- C3 Skin of upper chest, shoulder, neck, and ear
Phrenic nerve spinal segment and distribution
C3-C5 Diaphragm
Cervical nerves spinal segment and distribution
CN
C1-C5 Levator scapulae, scalene muscles, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius muscles (with N XI) accessory nerve
The brachial plexus innervates the
pectoral girdle and upper limb.
The Brachial plexus is formed by
five roots that originate from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1.
ROOTS that Form the upper trunk of the Brachial Plexus
C5 and C6 roots merge to form the upper trunk.
ROOTS that Form the middle trunk of the Brachial Plexus
C7
ROOTS merge to form the lower trunk of the Brachial Plexus
The C8 and T1
The TRUNKS give off
three anterior and three posterior DIVISIONS as they approach the clavicle.
THE DIVISIONS rearrange to form
Medial, lateral and Posterior CORDS
THE CORDS give offs
TERMNINAL BRANCHES
The lateral cord gives off the
musculocutaneous nerve, and the lateral root of the median nerve.
The medial cord gives off the medial root of the
median nerve and the ulnar nerve.
The posterior cord gives off the
axillary and radial nerves.
For Brachial Plexus The largest percentages of motor fibers are from_____ and the least are __
C5 and C6 roots, and the least from C7 and T1 roots
For Brachial Plexus The greatest number of sensory fibers is from the
C7 root, with lesser amounts from C5, C6, C8, and T1 roots
supplying muscles important for swallowing and speech
Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
What is the External landmark of Cervical plexus Block
Middle point of the sternocleidomastoid muscle between mastoid process and clavicle.
The lumbar plexus is formed by the
ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L3 and the superior branch of L4
In LUMBAR PLEXUS In about 50% of the cases, there is a
contribution from.
T12
The inferior branch of L4, along with the entire ventral rami of L5, forms the
lumbosacral trunk that contributes to the sacral plexus.
The main branches of the lumbar plexus are the
iliohypogastric,
ilioinguinal
genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator, and femoral nerves
The sacral plexus arises from the (Figures 1-21,1-
22A,B, 1-23, and 1-24).
,
lumbosacral trunk
(L4-L5) plus the ventral rami of S1-S4
The main nerves of the sacral plexus are
the sciatic nerve and the pudendal nerve
The two components of the sciatic nerve diverge into two recognizable nerves:
the common peroneal and the tibial nerve
