HADSOC/HADPOP

Question 1

What is cumulative incidence?

Answer 1

The proportion of the ‘at risk’ population that becomes diseased over a specific time period.

Question 2

Types of surveillance

Answer 2

Active surveillance - where by a member of PHE health protection team contacts healthcare providers to seek information about certain conditions
Passive surveillance - a designated body received reports of infectious disease or illness submitted from hospitals, GP surgeries and public health units.

Question 3

What is the p-value?

Answer 3

How likely the results in the study would have occured by chance if the null hypothesis was true

Question 4

How would you assess publication bias?

Answer 4

Funnel plot

Question 5

How would you calculate Odd’s ratio?

Answer 5

(A/C)/(B/D)

Question 6

Forest plot interpretation

Answer 6

Lines - 95% Confidence Interals
Squares - Odd’s ratios
Size of square - weight of the study
Diamond - pooled estimate
Dotted line from centre of the diamond - pooled odd’s ratios
Width of diamond - pooled 95% Confident intervals
Solid line - null hypothesis