Habituation

Question 1

What is habituation?

Answer 1

A decrease in the response to a stimulus
It is a non-associated condition

Question 2

What is memory?

Answer 2

Memory is the process of retaining information

Question 3

What is learning?

Answer 3

Learning is gaining information - you can forget this in an hour - it needs relevance

Question 4

What is declartive memory

Answer 4

Needs conscious control

Question 5

What is non-decarative memory?

Answer 5

Has no conscious control - being able to walk or ride a bike

Question 6

What is the commonalities across species when it comes to memory?

Answer 6

The duration of memory: short term,long term and intermediate term memory
The commonality is what happens to the nuerons

Question 7

What happens to the nuerons in short term memory?

Answer 7

Short term memory occurs due to the phosphorylation of proteins in the nueron

Question 8

What happens to the proteins in intermediate term memory?

Answer 8

The proteins are translated from RNA translation that is already in the nueron and the proteins are then phosphyrlated

Question 9

What happens in long term memory?

Answer 9

Gene transcription - production of new RNA is translated into proteins and they are phosphorylated to activate them

Question 10

What is dishabituation?

Answer 10

Do something else to you that makes you respond to the stimulus - such as hit me on the head with a stick or touch me with a paintbrush. I would rather respond to the paintbrush cause its nicer

Question 11

THE SEA SLUG: what is so special about it?

Answer 11

The sea slug has a siphon: water runs over the gill to breath.
If you touch it the sea slug will withdraw the gill

Question 12

What is so special about the siphon

Answer 12

Helps the slug to breathe
It is very delicate and necessary to survival

Question 13

Where does the sea slug live, why is this important to the contracting siphon behaviour in the sea slug?

Answer 13

It lives in rocky/seaweedy areas which involves a lot of gentle touches.
This means that the slug had to dishabituate against the tiny touches over time
This means that if you personally touch the gill yourself, over time the slug will withdraw the gill for a less amount of time

Question 14

What is the evidence of long term habituation between days of touching the siphon?

Answer 14

There is a same level of spontaneous recovery
Reduction in duration overtime in the length of time the siphon has been withdrawn

Question 15

What happens in short term training of withdrawing the siphon in the sea slug?

Answer 15

There is intermediate and short term memeory occurring if there is a couple of minutes between being touched

Question 16

What happens if you leave a long duration between the touch training

Answer 16

Long term memory/intermediate memory will occur

Question 17

What occurs in a neurobiological level of hbaituation?

Answer 17

Simple connectivity between the nuerons in habituation
Siphon with sensory nuerons inside it which synapses onto the motor nueron which causes the gill withdrawal
The sensory nuerons also synapse on internuerons which synapse onto motor nuerons - causes withdrawal of the gill

Question 18

What occurs in short term habituation

Answer 18

A calcium influx during the action potential alters the sensory nueron release sites from an active state to a silent state

Question 19

What occurs in the silent state action 1 during short-term habituation?

Answer 19

turns vesicles that hold the neurotransmitter in the sensory nueron from an active state to a silent state. When you get a release of neurotransmitters they dont move to the membrane they stay away from it so nuerotransmitters are not released from the synaptic cleft

Question 20

What happens in the silent state action 2 during short term habituation?

Answer 20

Protein kilanase get bound by a calcium ion and it moves temporally to the membrane which unlocks snare proteins. The snareroteins will help release nuerotransmitters,however they can prevent the vesicles from fusing with the cell membrane meaning nothing will be released into the synaptic cleft

Question 21

What occurs if a predator comes along during the silent state

Answer 21

Dishabituation will kick in - this is due to the slug being touched rapidly
It will prevent habituation at nuerobiological level depending on the rate at which the animal is touched

Question 22

How is the silent state turned into an active state?

Answer 22

As proteins move to the cell membrane and remains there for a time and the snare proteins is docks preventing the vesicle fusion. At this time the cell membrane has additional calcium floods and protein kinase C prevents the unlocking of the snare proteins which will turn the vesicles into an activate state