haba ng philo umay

Question 1

• a process of examining moral arguments

Answer 1

Moral Reasoning

Question 2

• also known as evaluative reasoning , since one is trying to evaluate the soundness of the argument from the moral point of view

Answer 2

Moral Reasoning

Question 3

defined as the search for statement or a set of statements that can made to yield a new statement

Answer 3

Argument

Question 4

has to contain an analysis of what is considered as good or bad, right or wrong, correct or incorrect in the moral realm

Answer 4

Moral argument

Question 5

or (deontological reasoning) is an ethic based on duty, It came from the Greek word DEIN meaning DUTY

Answer 5

Deontological ethics

Question 6

something that we are unconditionally obliged to do, without regard to the consequence, this could be described as doing something from duty or duty’s sake alone. Without regard to feelings, emotions or inclinations

Answer 6

Categorical Imperative (law of morality)

Question 7

was a German philosopher from Konigsberg, who made exhaustive elaboration of deontological ethics in his article entitled “Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals” (1785)

Answer 7

Immanuel Kant

Question 8

is an attempt to make a universal statement using ‘all’ based only on a few cases observed

Answer 8

Hasty Generalization

Question 9

• is a defense mechanism recognized by psychologist, process of offering justifications or reasons, meant to hide one’s true negative or destructive motive to become an acceptable course of action

Answer 9

Rationalization

Question 10

is construed as the maximization of pleasure and the avoidance of pain in order to promote happiness

Answer 10

Utilitarianism

Question 11

• root word of teleology, meaning end, goal or purpose

Answer 11

Telos

Question 12

a short pitchy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct: the principle of your willingness

Answer 12

Maxim

Question 13

• is responsible for the recognition of the foundation of morality and the objective basis for it in the form of practical law

Answer 13

Goodwill

Question 14

• is the author of the book entitled “Moral Reasoning:Ethical Theory and some Contemporary Moral Problems” (1922)

Answer 14

Victor Grassian

Question 15

is an act pertaining ONLY to human

Answer 15

Deliberation

Question 16

(or prior to experience) pure reason provides this as source knowledge

Answer 16

Priori

Question 17

is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of the environment and its non-human contents

Answer 17

Environmental Ethics

Question 18

according to him, “Man is nothing else but that which he makes himself”

Answer 18

Jean-Paul Sartre

Question 19

is responsible for our capacity to recognize what is good through the will which he called the goodwill

Answer 19

Practical Reason

Question 20

is the condition of the will good-in-itself whose worth transcends everything

Answer 20

Duty

Question 21

• this could be considered from a means and ends analysis

Answer 21

Teleological point of view

Question 22

• is the act of killing a patient is wrong in itself

Answer 22

Deontological point of view

Question 23

range of this process of making choices is wide and varied, it ranges from the most trivial to the most difficult choices and decisions that we have to make in our life

Answer 23

Value experience

Question 24

according to him, “ Making moral judgments are budgeting actions”

Answer 24

John Mothershead

Question 25

Two Qualities of Pleasure

Answer 25

Intellectual Pleasure and Physiological Pleasure

Question 26

(mental pleasures) learning new information, solving puzzles, reading a good book, or making new discoveries

Answer 26

Intellectual Pleasure

Question 27

(bodily pleasures) sex, hunger, thirst and elimination

Answer 27

Physiological Pleasure

Question 28

4 major views on the relationship between humanity and environment

Answer 28

1. Anthropocentrism
2. Biocentrism
3. Egocentrism
4. Panthocentrism

Question 29

a large scale and violent event in the natural world

Answer 29

Cataclysms

Question 30

wishing to do one’s work or duty well and thoroughly

Answer 30

Conscientious

Question 31

a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment

Answer 31

Niche

Question 32

the quality of being well meaning

Answer 32

Benevolence

Question 33

showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others

Answer 33

Callous

Question 34

views that would consider human beings as the center of moral consideration

Answer 34

Anthropocentrism

Question 35

paved the way for animal liberation and animal rights movement, realm of being morally considerable must be extended to higher forms of animals or intelligent animals

Answer 35

Panthocentrism

Question 36

a life centered-theory, humans are not only significant species on planet, and that all organisms have inherent value and should be protected

Answer 36

Biocentrism

Question 37

ecosystem as holistic entities that should be given moral consideration, great value on ecosystem, human kind is part of greater biological system or community and that we have significant role as stewards or guardians of nature.

Answer 37

Ecocentrism

Question 38

is the discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings with the environment and its non-human contents

Answer 38

Environment philosophy