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LECOM OPP/H&P (2022-2024) > H&P Final Study Guide > Flashcards

H&P Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What does CBC stand for?

A

Complete blood count

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2
Q

What does WBC stand for?

A

White blood cell count
Includes: neutrophils, lymphocytes

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3
Q

What does RBC stand for? What does it include?

A

Indices: MHC, MCHC, MCV Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Platelets
RDW

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4
Q

What does BMP stand for? What are examples?

A

Basic Metabolic Panel
Renal -> BUN, Creatinine
Electrolytes -> Calcium, CO2, Chloride, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium

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5
Q

What does CMP stand for?

A

Complete Metabolic Panel

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6
Q

What does BMP with Liver Tests include?

A

Function Indicators -> PROTEIN
Albumin
Damage Indicators -> ENZYMES
Alkaline Phosphatase, ALT, AST, Bilirubin

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7
Q

What does PO stand for?

A

Taken orally

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8
Q

What does PR stand for?

A

Taken rectally

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9
Q

What does IV stand for?

A

Intravenous

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10
Q

What does IVP stand for?

A

Intravenous push

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11
Q

What does Q day stand for?

A

Once a day

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12
Q

What does Bid, tid, qid indicate?

A

2, 3, 4 times a day

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13
Q

What does Q 6 hrs mean?

A

Every 6 hours

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14
Q

What does Gtts, dppr stand for?

A

Drops, dropperfuls

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15
Q

What does Prn stand for?

A

As needed

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16
Q

What is the importance of open-ended questions?

A

Open-ended questions require that the physician appears relaxed and ready to listen regardless of the amount of pressure from other patients or other duties
Most useful in the beginning of the interview
Allows patient to tell story spontaneously

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17
Q

What can open ended questions not be answered with?

A

Yes and no

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18
Q

What do we need to explain the use of the computer for?

A

EMR

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19
Q

Specific questions require…

A

Specific answers, and rarely anything more and are of more value in dealing with the verbose or rambling patient

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20
Q

What are examples of open ended questions?

A

How are you feeling today, what brought you in today, tell me about your pain, etc.

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21
Q

After open-ended Q’s, interviewers move onto…

A

Direct questions

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22
Q

What are the importance of direct questions?

A

Clarifies and adds detail.
Leaves little room for explanation.
Can usually be answered in one word or with a brief response.

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23
Q

What are examples of open-ended questions?

A

Where does it hurt? When do you get the pain? Which side is the pain?

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24
Q

Should an interviewer stand or sit?

A

Seated at least the same level as patient; patient can be slightly elevated

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25
How far should an interviewer sit?
It is generally preferred that the interviewer sit at a distance of about 3 – 4 feet from the patient. Distance > 5 feet = impersonal Distance < 3 feet = interferes with “Private space”.
26
What does tense indicate?
Erect with a fairly rigid posture
27
What does moderately relaxed indicate?
Forward 20 or side 10 degrees
28
What does very relaxed indicate?
Back 20 or side 10 degrees
29
What will allow for higher patient satisfaction?
Higher patient satisfaction - forward body lean and rotation of the torso toward the patient
30
What will cause a better response from physician?
Better response to physicians who support their head with hands on their chin versus physicians who elevate their chin without support
31
What are the goals of a patient encounter?
Establish a relationship with the patient Gather information Develop a diagnosis and treatment plan Relate information to the patient
32
What is the principle organ of expression?
Eyes
33
What is best expressed with eyes?
Sincerity
34
What is the best method for sincerity?
Frequent eye contact
35
Patient are most comfortable...
when the physician looks at them approximately 50% of the time
36
When is a patient uncomfortable?
Eye contact is avoided
37
What is eye contact most accurate for? What is it least accurate for?
Most accurate -> fear Least accurate -> anger or disgust
38
What is a micro-expression valuable for?
Indicator of masking or deception
39
Most facial expressions last...
More than 1 second
40
What is a micro-expression?
Very brief facial expressions, lasting only a fraction of a second. They occur when a person either deliberately or unconsciously conceals a feeling.
41
What is a macro-expression?
Normal expressions usually last between 1⁄2-second and 4 seconds. They often repeat, and fit with what is said and the sound of the person’s voice.
42
When do micro-expressions occur?
Micro-expressions occur when the patient begins to show a true facial expression, senses this and immediately neutralizes or masks the expression (lasting only a fraction of a second)
43
What must be done before entering the room?
Knock
44
What do we use to greet the patient?
Last name
45
How do we introduce ourselves?
“Good morning, Mrs. Smith, I’m student doctor Bob Jones” “Good morning, Mrs. Todd, I’m Jim Smith, a third-year medical student and how are you today?”
46
What must be asked early in the interview?
Ask the patient what they would prefer to be called. Studies have shown that 90% plus of patients prefer to be addressed by their first names
47
When can summarization be done?
While typing soap note
48
What is the importance of summarization?
Summarization assures that both parties are using the same definitions and minimizes inappropriate assumptions “Let me see if I have understood you correctly” “Am I understanding this correctly?”
49
What are some important points about the conclusion?
30-40%, forget to mention to the physician all of their medical concerns. In order to avoid leaving gaps in the history or allowing patient concerns to go unattended, conclude each interview with: “Is there anything else bothering you today that we haven’t discussed?” “Is there anything else you would like to mention?” “Is there anything else that we have not discussed?” “Did we touch on everything today?”
50
What is the importance of the cuff size?
The most common mistake is to use a cuff that is too small, which will result in an overestimation of the pressure
51
What is the proper positioning of blood pressure?
Is vital in obtaining accurate blood pressure readings In general, blood pressure should be measured while you are seated comfortably The arm being used should be relaxed, uncovered, and supported at the level of the heart
52
What are the importances of technique for BP?
Cuff directly over the skin Position cuff 2.5 cm (1 inch) above antecubital Center bladder of cuff over brachial artery DEFLATE THE CUFF SLOWLY @ a rate of 2-3 mmHg/sec
53
The first Kartokoff's sound is...
Systolic pressure
54
What is the point of which the last sound is heard?
Diastolic pressure
55
What are the 5 Kartokoff's sounds?
1st: rhythmic tapping which gradually increases in intensity 2nd: soft, swishing sound (turbulent flow) 3rd: sharp crisper sound 4th: muffled, soft 5th: silence
56
What is palpated for pulse?
Radial artery
57
What should we not use for pulse?
Thumb
58
How do we calculate pulse?
RATE: Count number of pulses for 15 seconds and multiply by 4. Normal: 60-100 bpm Bradycardia: Slow Heart <60 bpm Tachycardia: Swift Heart > 100 bpm
59
When do we find respiration?
After taking pulse
60
What should we not tell patient during respirations?
That you are taking respirations
61
What is the technique for respirations?
Respirations: Count the number of breaths for 30 seconds and multiply by 2 Normal - Adults at rest 12 - 20
62
What are the three questions for BP?
Ask if patient has been seated for 5 minutes * Inquire about nicotine and caffeine use in the last 30 minutes * Inquire about restrictions in taking blood pressures in either arm – NOT preferences
63
Stethoscope binaurals should be positioned...
Forward
64
What is eupnea?
Normal breathing 12 to 20 bpm
65
What is bradypnea?
Slow breathing < 12 bpm
66
What is tachypnea?
Rapid breathing > 20 bpm
67
What is the most common temperature assessment?
Oral
68
What are the 4 components of SOAP note?
SUBJECTIVE: Chief Complaint OBJECTIVE: What health provider observes or measures. ASSESSMENT: Possible etiologies of patients problems (differential diagnosis) Plan: What will health provider do for patients problems.

LECOM OPP/H&P (2022-2024) (6 decks)

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