H&N Pre-Lab Flashcards
Which cranial nerves are involved in the complex reflex connections of mastication?
I, V2, V3, VII, IX, XII
& parasympathetic output
What does V2 sensory cover?
upper teeth
jaw
gums
palate
What does V3 sensory cover?
lower teeth
jaw
gums
anterior part of tongue
What does V3 motor cover?
temporalis masseter pterygoids mylohyoid anterior belly of digastric
What does VII cover?
buccinator
orbicularis oris
What does IX cover?
posterior part of the tongue
What does XII cover?
muscles of the tongue
If VII doesn’t work, can you close your mouth?
No
And if VII doesn’t work on one side…stuff will drool out of that side
What would be impaired w/o saliva?
effective masticaton & deglutition (swallowing)
What is xerostomia?
dry mouth
(cottonmouth, pasties)
common in smokers
20% of elderly pop have it
Why can you get salivary dysfunction w/ parasympatholytic medications?
these anticholinergics reduce the activity of PNS
secretions are severely reduced
What are some other things that can cause salivary dysfunction?
radiation–cancer therapy
Sjogren’s Syndrome (Mikulicz disease)–messes w/ salivary & lacrimal glands
Where is the deglutition center?
located near the nuclei of CN 10. Gives the peristaltic wave along the esophagus
**coordinates input & output
T/F There is a masticatory center in the brainstem.
True.
Where do the afferents of swallowing pass?
thru V, IX, & X to the proper nuclei
Where do the efferents of swallowing pass?
these activate the tongue, floor of the mouth, & the infra hyoid muscles
**the efferent fibers of the vagus nerve conduct motor impulses to the pharynx & esophagus
T/F The process of swallowing ends at the end of the esophagus.
False. end at the top of the stomach
How is it possible for the bolus lying in the groove on the lingual dorsum?
contraction of genioglossus & transverse intrinsic musculature of the tongue
Epiglottis is tipped down over the ________ but not completely closing it. The bolus flows in two streams around each side of the epiglottis to _____ ______.
laryngeal aditus
piriform fossae
T/F When newborns are swallowing, they cannot breathe.
False. They can do both–>suckle & breathe.
If you are not swallowing, what’s the deal with your esophageal constrictors?
If not swallowing, the superior esophageal (cricopharyngeus) & the inferior esophageal constrictor are closed.
Describe what happens when bolus enters stomach.
inferior esophageal sphincter relaxes totally.
bolus goes thru cardiac orifice.
esophagogastric junction (cardiac zone) contracts again.
What is the name of the laryngeal inlet?
aditus
What are some important folds near the aditus?
aryepiglottic folds
The foramen for the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve passes thru which membrane?
thyrohyoid membrane
How many cranial nerves supply the tongue?
5!
What is the fcn of the genioglossus muscle?
protracts the tongue & prevents relapse of the tongue against the posterior pharyngeal wall
it prevents airway obstruction
T/F With every breath, the genioglossus slightly contracts.
True.
