H&N Pre-Lab

Question 1

Which cranial nerves are involved in the complex reflex connections of mastication?

Answer 1

I, V2, V3, VII, IX, XII

& parasympathetic output

Question 2

What does V2 sensory cover?

Answer 2

upper teeth
jaw
gums
palate

Question 3

What does V3 sensory cover?

Answer 3

lower teeth
jaw
gums
anterior part of tongue

Question 4

What does V3 motor cover?

Answer 4

temporalis
masseter
pterygoids
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric

Question 5

What does VII cover?

Answer 5

buccinator

orbicularis oris

Question 6

What does IX cover?

Answer 6

posterior part of the tongue

Question 7

What does XII cover?

Answer 7

muscles of the tongue

Question 8

If VII doesn’t work, can you close your mouth?

Answer 8

No

And if VII doesn’t work on one side…stuff will drool out of that side

Question 9

What would be impaired w/o saliva?

Answer 9

effective masticaton & deglutition (swallowing)

Question 10

What is xerostomia?

Answer 10

dry mouth
(cottonmouth, pasties)
common in smokers
20% of elderly pop have it

Question 11

Why can you get salivary dysfunction w/ parasympatholytic medications?

Answer 11

these anticholinergics reduce the activity of PNS

secretions are severely reduced

Question 12

What are some other things that can cause salivary dysfunction?

Answer 12

radiation–cancer therapy

Sjogren’s Syndrome (Mikulicz disease)–messes w/ salivary & lacrimal glands

Question 13

Where is the deglutition center?

Answer 13

located near the nuclei of CN 10. Gives the peristaltic wave along the esophagus
**coordinates input & output

Question 14

T/F There is a masticatory center in the brainstem.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

Where do the afferents of swallowing pass?

Answer 15

thru V, IX, & X to the proper nuclei

Question 16

Where do the efferents of swallowing pass?

Answer 16

these activate the tongue, floor of the mouth, & the infra hyoid muscles
**the efferent fibers of the vagus nerve conduct motor impulses to the pharynx & esophagus

Question 17

T/F The process of swallowing ends at the end of the esophagus.

Answer 17

False. end at the top of the stomach

Question 18

How is it possible for the bolus lying in the groove on the lingual dorsum?

Answer 18

contraction of genioglossus & transverse intrinsic musculature of the tongue

Question 19

Epiglottis is tipped down over the ________ but not completely closing it. The bolus flows in two streams around each side of the epiglottis to _____ ______.

Answer 19

laryngeal aditus

piriform fossae

Question 20

T/F When newborns are swallowing, they cannot breathe.

Answer 20

False. They can do both–>suckle & breathe.

Question 21

If you are not swallowing, what’s the deal with your esophageal constrictors?

Answer 21

If not swallowing, the superior esophageal (cricopharyngeus) & the inferior esophageal constrictor are closed.

Question 22

Describe what happens when bolus enters stomach.

Answer 22

inferior esophageal sphincter relaxes totally.
bolus goes thru cardiac orifice.
esophagogastric junction (cardiac zone) contracts again.

Question 23

What is the name of the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 23

aditus

Question 24

What are some important folds near the aditus?

Answer 24

aryepiglottic folds

Question 25

The foramen for the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve passes thru which membrane?

Answer 25

thyrohyoid membrane

Question 26

How many cranial nerves supply the tongue?

Answer 26

5!

Question 27

What is the fcn of the genioglossus muscle?

Answer 27

protracts the tongue & prevents relapse of the tongue against the posterior pharyngeal wall
it prevents airway obstruction

Question 28

T/F With every breath, the genioglossus slightly contracts.

Answer 28

True.