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Block 5; Week 4 > Adolescence-Larsen > Flashcards

Adolescence-Larsen Flashcards

1
Q

What qualifies as early adolescence?

A

12-14 yo

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2
Q

What qualifies as middle adolescence?

A

14-16 yo

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3
Q

What qualifies as late adolescence?

A

16-18 yo

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4
Q

What is peak height velocity?

A

the point of your fastest height growthThis occurs @ 12 yrs for females.This occurs @ 14 years for males.

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5
Q

What happens to female’s body mass during puberty?

A

fat accumulation
2X males
menstruation

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6
Q

What happens to male’s body mass during puberty?

A

muscle mass

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7
Q

What are the sexual characteristics of females after puberty?

A

hair
genitals
breasts
acne

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8
Q

What are the sexual characteristics of males after puberty?

A

hair
genitals
acne
voice change

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9
Q

Why do kids get gangly preceding puberty?

A

first harbinger of puberty is linear growth
muscle mass follows
for a while you look gangly

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10
Q

How long does puberty last?

A

4-5 years

**starts 2 years earlier for females

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11
Q

When does puberty usu start for females? Males?

A

Females: 9-11 years
**around 9–get breast budding & pubic hair
Males: 11-13 years
**around 11-enlargement of scrotum & testes

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12
Q

T/F It is best for both males & females psychologically to be the first to go thru puberty in class.

A

False. Better for males. Best for females to be somewhere in the middle.

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13
Q

What happens in the adolescent brain?

A 
Second wave of proliferation and pruning
Peak F= 11 years
M = 12 ½ years
Pruning 15%
**white matter thickens
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14
Q

Which structures are developed in an adolescent brain? What is the significance of this?

A

Limbic System & Amygdala

**passionate, risk takers, explorative

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15
Q

What happens to cognitive growth in early adolescence?

A

Beginning of reasoning based on hypothesis or verbal propositions

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16
Q

What happens to cognitive growth in middle adolescence?

A

Ideological beliefs – family, religion, humanism, social, cultural; yet still egocentric (thinks mostly from their own perspective)

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17
Q

What happens to cognitive growth in later adolescence?

A

Improved ability to perceive outcomes of ideas, sense of time, concern for the future, hypothetical thinking, consider effects on others

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18
Q

What are the psychological tasks of adolescence?

A
  1. satisfactory & realistic body image.
  2. increased independence from parents & adequate capacities for self-care & regulation.
  3. appropriate control & expression of increased sexual & aggressive drives.
  4. identity consolidation (personal moral code & provisional plans for vocation & economic self-sufficiency)
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19
Q

What is the definition of body image in adolescence?

A

Body image is self-evaluative, and influenced by the “goodness of fit” between self-evaluation of one’s own body, one’s expectations for the physical self, and the perceived evaluations of others.

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20
Q

What is the trajectory of girls & boys’ body images as they progress thru puberty?

A

Girls’ body image worsens.Boy’s body image gets better.

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21
Q

T/F Mothers are strong transmitters and reinforcers of social messages around body image and eating.

A

True.

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22
Q

What are some causes of poor body image?

A

Bigger discrepancy b/w weight of average woman & models.Unattainable muscular image for guys.TV characters either super skinny or “fat”. Poor parent relationships-bad body image.

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23
Q

What is the influence of pro-anorexia & pro-bulima websites?

A

they make it normalized. Give these girls someone to talk about how few calories they eat.

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24
Q

When is there the most conflict b/w parents & adolescents?

A

early adolescence

tapers off by middle.

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25
Q

When is the first awareness of the feeling of sexual attraction?

26
Q

When do most kids explicitly masturbate?

A

10% at age 780% at age 13

27
Q

When do kids engage in “heterosexual play” & “same-sex play”?

A

heterosexual play: 65% at age 13

25-30% of 13 yo same sex play.

28
Q

Which aspect of sex is the most important for girls? For boys?

A

Girls: relational aspect of sex
Boys: more about pleasure or exploitation

29
Q

What are the 2 most common “groups” to end up in if you can’t fit in anywhere else?

A

drug group

gang

30
Q

What is Erikson’s stage during adolescence?

A

identity formation v. Identity diffusion

31
Q

What are the 4 identity statuses according to Marcia’s taxonomy?

A
  1. Identity-Confused: not yet experienced an identity crisis or made a role commitment.
  2. Foreclosed: made unexamined commitments. just join a group.
  3. Moratorium:actively struggling to define values & commitments.
  4. Identity-Achieved: crisis resolved.
32
Q

What is the moral development during early adolescence?

A

Defers to social, family, school structure/beliefs

33
Q

What is the moral development during middle adolescence?

A

Re-examines known values usually by negating parents beliefs

Parents receptivity will aid the adolescent to assess reality, effectiveness and maintain self-esteem

34
Q

What is the moral development during late adolescence?

A

More introspective, able to consider the opinions of parents and others.

35
Q

What is the social development during early adolescence?

A

Same sex peer groups

36
Q

What is the social development during middle adolescence?

A 
Males “catch up” to girls and interact
Peer groups gain intensity (love, hate, acceptance, rejection)
Appearance (fashion, hair, skin)
Peer values > parent values
Impulsivity peaks
37
Q

What is the social development during late adolescence?

A

Less narcissistic, thinks of other’s needs and opinions, relationships gain in meaning, witness increased ability to repress, sublimate, self-reflect etc.

38
Q

What are the leading causes of death during adolescence?

A 
MVA
Other causes
homicide
unintentional injury
suicide
39
Q

What are the structures of the adolescent brain that are not as developed? What is the significance of this?

A

Hippocampus–impaired memory
Cerebellum–coordinates physical & mental activities
Prefrontal cortex–executive function, judgment
Nucleus Accumbens–delays reward seeking
Pineal Gland-regulates melatonin

40
Q

Describe continuous growth in adolescence. What % of teenagers experience this?

A

balance reason & emotional expression
active fantasy life
able to suppress aggressive & sexual impulses
develops similar value systems to his parents
mutual affection, trust with parents
family stable
**23% of teenagers

41
Q

Describe surgent growth in adolescence. What % of teenagers experience this?

A

cycles of progression & regression
likely to react to challenges with anger
less action oriented
more prone to temporary depression & anxiety
family w/ problems
they overall adapt successfully but they are less introspective, suppressed emotions, inhibited.
35% of teenagers

42
Q

Describe tumultuous growth in adolescence. What % of teenagers experience this?

A

internal turmoil
omnipotent or helpless fantasies
difficulties with parents, at home & at school
dependent on peer group for emotional support
Parents: lower SES, marital discord, parental psychopathology, disharmony in family environment
less happy
21% of teenagers

43
Q

What are the 5 leading causes of death in kids 10-14 yo?

A 
Unintentional Injury
Malignant neoplasms
suicide
homicide
congenital anomalies
44
Q

What are the 5 leading causes of death in kids 15-19 yo?

A 
Unintentional Injury
Homicide
Suicide
Malignant Neoplasms
Heart Disease
45
Q

What are the 5 leading causes of death in kids 20-24 yo?

A 
Unintentional injury
Suicide
Homicide
Malignant Neoplasms
Heart Disease
46
Q

Teenagers who have ever smoked a cigarette? Higher in males or females? Which races highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 44.7%
Males>Females
Highest in White & Hispanic

47
Q

Teenagers who currently use tobacco. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 23.4%
Males>Females
Highest in White & Hispanic

48
Q

% of teenagers who ever drank alcohol. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 70.8%
Males=Females
Highest in White & Hispanic

49
Q

Binge drinking. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 21.9%
Males>Females
Highest in White & hispanic

50
Q

Teenagers who ever used marijuana. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 39.9%
Males>Females
African American Highest

51
Q

% of teenagers who had ever ridden in a car with someone who had been drinking. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 24.4%
Females>Males
Hispanic the highest

52
Q

% of teenagers who had ever had sexual intercourse. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 47.7%
Males>Females
African Americans the highest

53
Q

% of teenagers who used condom in last bout of sexual intercourse. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 60%
Males>Females
African Americans the most

54
Q

% of teenagers who had ever experienced dating violence. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 9.4%
Male=Female
African American the most

55
Q

% of teenagers who had ever been physically forced to have sexual intercourse. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 8%
Females>Males
African American the highest

56
Q

% teenagers who felt sad & hopeless. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 28.5%
Females>Males
Hispanic the highest

57
Q

% teenagers who seriously contemplated suicide. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 15.8%
Female>Male
Hispanic the highest

58
Q

% teenagers who attempted suicide. Higher in males or females? Which race highest? What is the overall rate?

A

Overall Rate: 7.8%
Female>Male
Hispanic the highest

59
Q

When do you NOT need a parent’s consent to treat a patient?

A

if they have been living apart from the parent for greater than 4 mo
if they are married
if it is a mother who has given birth
if the adolescent would be in imminent danger if not treated immediately

60
Q

Do you need parental consent to treat an STD? To give out birth control?

A

Treat STD: no

Give out Birth Control: Yes.

Block 5; Week 4 (10 decks)

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