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RADT220 Head & Neck > H&N ANATOMY > Flashcards

H&N ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main arterial supply for the head and neck?

A

Common carotid artery

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2
Q

What does the common carotid artery split into?

A

Internal and external carotid arteries

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3
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

Brain

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4
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

Neck and face

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5
Q

What is the main drainage vein?

A

Internal jugular vein

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6
Q

What does the internal jugular vein eventually join the subclavian vein to make?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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7
Q

Do the 2 jugular veins meet like the 2 carotid arteries?

A

No - join subclavian at separate points

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8
Q

Facial muscles are supplied by

A

Facial artery

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9
Q

Scalp supplied by

A

Temporal and occipital arteries

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10
Q

Maxillary artery supplies

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Deep structures of the ear
  • Nasal cavity, sinuses, and palate
  • Teeth
  • Muscles of the eye
  • Parts of the pharynx
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11
Q

Facial drainage

A

Facial vein

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12
Q

Lymph nodes drain to

A

Deep cervical nodes - into right and left subclavian trunks

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13
Q

What nerves are in the head and neck?

A

Spinal and cranial nerves

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14
Q

What are the 3 sensory cranial nerves?

A

The trigeminal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve
The vagus nerve

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15
Q

The Trigeminal Nerve innervates

A

Face
Palate
Eye
Oral cavity
Tongue (Anterior 2/3)

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16
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve innervates

A

Posterior 2/3 tongue
Oropharynx

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17
Q

Vagus nerve innervates

A

The larynx

18
Q

What are the 4 motor nerves?

A

Facial
Trigemial
Hypoglossal
Vagus

19
Q

Sympathetic stimulation is via?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system regulates?

A

Flight or fight response

21
Q

What is parasympathetic stimulation supplied by?

A

Cranial nerves

22
Q

Particularly in nasopharyngeal cancer, direct spread of disease can often result in compression or invasion into the nerves causing what?

A

Palsy e.g. Bells Palsy

23
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Damage to the facial nerve
Droop on affected side
Weaken lips affect speech
Loss of lacrimal gland secretions
Cornea can be prone to ulceration
Can also affect taste sensation and some saliva production

24
Q

What are the paranasal sinus lined by?

A

Respiratory mucosa, ciliated and secreting

25
Q

What are the 4 groups of paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

26
Q

What is the hard palate?

A

Bony part of the palate cover above and below of the mucosa
Palatine vessels and veins descend

27
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Consists of 5 muscles: 2 attached to base of skull, 2 to the tongue, and one attaches to the uvula
Innervated by cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
Can close the air passage to the nasal cavity and the inf border of the nasopharynx

28
Q

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

A

Parotid - largest and innovated by glossopharyngeal nerve
Sublingual - smallest
Submandibular

29
Q

What are the 3 subsections of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Hypopharyx

30
Q

Boundaries of the pharynx?

A

Superiorly: Cranial base
Inferiorly: cricoid cartilage and inferior border of C6 (continuous with the oesophagus)
Posterior: flat wall that lies against the pre-vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia

31
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located?

A

The posterior extension of the nasal cavity, its function is respiratory

32
Q

Where does the palatine tonsil sit?

A

Commonly called adenoids when enlarged sit on the posterior wall between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

33
Q

What is the function of the oropharynx?

A

Digestive

34
Q

Where is the lingual tonsil located?

A

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

35
Q

Function of hypopharynx?

A

Allows communication between the pharynx and larynx and oesophagus

36
Q

Larynx location

A

Posterior and inferior of the tongue, posterior and superior of the thyroid

37
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

cricoid, thyroid, and epiglottis

38
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

39
Q

What are the 2 important ligaments of the larynx?

A

Vocal and ventricular

40
Q

What is the larynx supplied by blood?

A

The superior and inferior laryngeal veins that originate from the external carotid
The laryngeal veins drain into the internal jugular veins

41
Q

What is the larynx innervated by?

A

The superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, branches of the vagus nerve

RADT220 Head & Neck (4 decks)

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