H&N Flashcards

1
Q

What are important questions into hoarseness?

A
How long?
Persistent or Intermittent?
Pain?
Cough/Choking/Swallowing?
Voice use?
Asthma/Rhinosinusitis/Reflux?
Smoker?
Medication?
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2
Q

What are the important history questions regarding H&N history?

A
Symptoms
		Sore Throat
		Dysphonia - Hoarseness
		Dysphagia
		Odynophagia
		Mouth/Throat Ulcer
		Neck Lump
	Smoking/Alcohol
Family history
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3
Q

What are the areas to be examined in a H&N history?

A
Neck
	Oral cavity
	Pharynx
		Nasopharynx
		Oropharynx
		Hypopharynx
	Larynx
		Supraglottis
		Glottis (vocal cords)
		Subglottis
Nose/Ears/Salivary Glands
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4
Q

What can you auscultate in the neck?

A

Bruits
>Thyroid (grave’s thyroiditis)
>Carotid (carotid stenosis)

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5
Q

What are the common investigations in H&N?

A
FNAC!!!
	CT/MRI/PET
	US scan
	Plain x-ray
	Contrast swallow
Endoscopy
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6
Q

What is the important history of a neck lump?

A
How long?
		Site?
		Fluctuates?
		Sore?
		H&N symptoms?
		B symptoms? (systemic symptoms, weight loss etc)
Travel?
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7
Q

What is the important examination of a neck lump?

A
Site
		Size
		Shape
		Sore
		Skin
		Stuck
Soft
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8
Q

What are the important questions of dysphagia?

A

What is difficult? - solid (obstruction), liquid (neuromuscular)?
Persistent/Intermittent?
Pain?
Where?

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9
Q

What are the common causes of dysphagia?

A

Well Localised in Neck
Poorly localised lower down.

Lumen: foreign body
Wall: tumour, stricture, neuromuscular, pouch
Extra luminal: Thyroid, Heart, Mediastinal mass

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10
Q

What is the important history for ENT?

A
Birth history
>Pre term?
>Traumatic birth?
>Neonatal jaundice +/- phototherapy
Breast vs bottle feeding?
Passive smoking
Speech development
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