h&m chap. 3

Question 1

Departmentalization

Answer 1

An element of organizational structure that concerns how organizations are divided into units based on the functions they perform, the customers they serve, the geographic areas they oversee, or the products they manage

Question 2

Specialization

Answer 2

An element of organizational structure that concerns how work is broken down into smaller routinized tasks

Question 3

Chain of Command

Answer 3

An element of organizational structure that concerns an organization’s reporting structure

Question 4

Centralization

Answer 4

an element of organizational structure that

Question 5

Unity of command

Answer 5

the concept that each subordinate should be accountable to only one supervisor

Question 6

Span of control

Answer 6

an element of organizational structure that concerns the number of subordinates a manager is responsible for supervising

Question 7

Formalization

Answer 7

an element of organizational structure that concerns the extent to which there are clear rules, procedures, and policies within an organization that dictate what is and is not allowable

Question 8

Do employers or employees feel the brunt of change caused by the continuing evolution of an organization’s structure?

Answer 8

Employees

Question 9

High levels of _____ are great from an efficiency standpoint but tend to cause boredom in employees that could result in high turnover

Answer 9

specialization

Question 10

High levels of _____ tend to have lower costs & are better equipped to implement common policies and practices across the organization. However, managers at lower levels may feel frustrated with their lack of decision-making power and the delays that come with having to wait for others to make decisions on matters they may be in a better position to address.

Answer 10

centralization

Question 11

Humanitarian work psychology

Answer 11

the practice of I-O psychology directed to the societal goal of improving employment for all mankind

Question 12

Corporate social responsibility

Answer 12

The obligation of organizations to take an active part in improving society

Question 13

Protected Class

Answer 13

a designation for members of society who are granted legal status by virtue of a demographic characteristic such as race, sex, national origin, color, religion, age, and disability

Question 14

Bona fide occupational qualification (BFCQ)

Answer 14

An exception to Title VII that allows in very rare circumstances for organizations to make decisions on the bases of sex, religion, or national origin due to business necessity

Question 15

Sexual harassment

Answer 15

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment

Question 16

Quid pro Quo harassment

Answer 16

A legal classification of sexual harassment in which specified organizational rewards are offered in exchange for sexual favors

Question 17

Hostile-environment harassment

Answer 17

A legal classification of sexual harassment in which individuals regard conditions in the workplace (such as unwanted touching or off-color jokes) as offensive

Question 18

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)

Answer 18

extends the protections guaranteed by the Civil Rights Act to people aged 40 and over

Question 19

Disability (as defined by the ADA)

Answer 19

a physical or mental impairment that limits major life activities (ie. walking) and major bodily functions (ie. digestive system)

Question 20

is ADHD and disorders like PTSD covered under the ADA?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Adverse Impact

Answer 21

A type of unfair discrimination in which the result of using a particular personnel selection method has a negative effect on protected group members compared with majority group members. Often contrasted with disparate treatment

Question 22

Disparate Treatment

Answer 22

A type of unfair discrimination in which protected group members are afforded differential employment procedures compared to members of other groups (intentional discrimination)

Question 23

Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)

Answer 23

U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individuals who bring suit against a company do not have to prove that the company’s employment test is unfair; rather, the company has to prove that the employment test is fair

Question 24

80% (or ⅘ ths) rule

Answer 24

adverse impact occurs if the selection ratio (that is, the number of people hired divided by the number of people who apply) for any group of applicants is less than 80% of the selection ratio for another group

Question 25

class-action settlements

Answer 25

the individual who is suing represents a class of similar people

Question 26

back-pay settlements

Answer 26

the organization has to pay a portion of what victims would have earned had they been hired

Question 27

Affirmative Action

Answer 27

A social policy that advocates members of protected groups will be actively recruited and considered for selection in employment

Question 27

preferential selection

Answer 27

organizations will select minority group members from the applicant pool if they are judged to have substantially equal qualifications with nonminority applicants

Question 28

quota interpretation of affirmative action

Answer 28

organizations will staff themselves with explicit percentages of employees representing the various protected groups, based on local or national norms, within a specific time frame

Question 29

4 goals of affirmative action

Answer 29

1) Correct present inequities 2) Compensate past equalities 3) Provide role models 4) Promote diversity

Question 30

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

Answer 30

established guidelines to ensure employers provide their employees a workplace that is free from recognized hazards to health and safety, such as exposure to toxic chemicals or infectious materials, unsanitary conditions, excessive noise levels, extreme temperatures, or mechanical dangers

Question 31

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer 31

a division of the U.S. Department of Labor that oversees the administration of the Act and enforces standards in all 50 states

Question 32

Whistleblower Laws

Answer 32

Anti-retaliation stipulations that employers are prohibited from taking any adverse action against employees for filing complaints or raising awareness of dangerous or illegal activities

Question 33

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

Answer 33

As a result, eligible employees are afforded up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave during any 12-month period for childbirth, adoption, foster care placement, or care for oneself or an immediate family member (child, spouse, parent) for a serious health condition

Question 34

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938

Answer 34

bars individuals under the age of 18 from working in hazardous occupations such as coal mining, demolition and excavation operations, and jobs that may lead to exposure to radioactive substances

Question 35

Child Labor

Answer 35

The pattern of compelling children under the age of 15 to perform labor that is harmful to their overall health and/or psychological well-being

Question 36

6 elements of organizational structure

Answer 36

1) departmentalization 2) specialization 3) chain of command 4) centralization 5) span of control 6) formalization