h&m chap. 3 Flashcards
Departmentalization
An element of organizational structure that concerns how organizations are divided into units based on the functions they perform, the customers they serve, the geographic areas they oversee, or the products they manage
Specialization
An element of organizational structure that concerns how work is broken down into smaller routinized tasks
Chain of Command
An element of organizational structure that concerns an organization’s reporting structure
Centralization
an element of organizational structure that
Unity of command
the concept that each subordinate should be accountable to only one supervisor
Span of control
an element of organizational structure that concerns the number of subordinates a manager is responsible for supervising
Formalization
an element of organizational structure that concerns the extent to which there are clear rules, procedures, and policies within an organization that dictate what is and is not allowable
Do employers or employees feel the brunt of change caused by the continuing evolution of an organization’s structure?
Employees
High levels of _____ are great from an efficiency standpoint but tend to cause boredom in employees that could result in high turnover
specialization
High levels of _____ tend to have lower costs & are better equipped to implement common policies and practices across the organization. However, managers at lower levels may feel frustrated with their lack of decision-making power and the delays that come with having to wait for others to make decisions on matters they may be in a better position to address.
centralization
Humanitarian work psychology
the practice of I-O psychology directed to the societal goal of improving employment for all mankind
Corporate social responsibility
The obligation of organizations to take an active part in improving society
Protected Class
a designation for members of society who are granted legal status by virtue of a demographic characteristic such as race, sex, national origin, color, religion, age, and disability
Bona fide occupational qualification (BFCQ)
An exception to Title VII that allows in very rare circumstances for organizations to make decisions on the bases of sex, religion, or national origin due to business necessity
Sexual harassment
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment
Quid pro Quo harassment
A legal classification of sexual harassment in which specified organizational rewards are offered in exchange for sexual favors
Hostile-environment harassment
A legal classification of sexual harassment in which individuals regard conditions in the workplace (such as unwanted touching or off-color jokes) as offensive
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
extends the protections guaranteed by the Civil Rights Act to people aged 40 and over
Disability (as defined by the ADA)
a physical or mental impairment that limits major life activities (ie. walking) and major bodily functions (ie. digestive system)
is ADHD and disorders like PTSD covered under the ADA?
yes
Adverse Impact
A type of unfair discrimination in which the result of using a particular personnel selection method has a negative effect on protected group members compared with majority group members. Often contrasted with disparate treatment
Disparate Treatment
A type of unfair discrimination in which protected group members are afforded differential employment procedures compared to members of other groups (intentional discrimination)
Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individuals who bring suit against a company do not have to prove that the company’s employment test is unfair; rather, the company has to prove that the employment test is fair
80% (or ⅘ ths) rule
adverse impact occurs if the selection ratio (that is, the number of people hired divided by the number of people who apply) for any group of applicants is less than 80% of the selection ratio for another group
class-action settlements
the individual who is suing represents a class of similar people
back-pay settlements
the organization has to pay a portion of what victims would have earned had they been hired
Affirmative Action
A social policy that advocates members of protected groups will be actively recruited and considered for selection in employment
preferential selection
organizations will select minority group members from the applicant pool if they are judged to have substantially equal qualifications with nonminority applicants
quota interpretation of affirmative action
organizations will staff themselves with explicit percentages of employees representing the various protected groups, based on local or national norms, within a specific time frame
4 goals of affirmative action
1) Correct present inequities 2) Compensate past equalities 3) Provide role models 4) Promote diversity
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
established guidelines to ensure employers provide their employees a workplace that is free from recognized hazards to health and safety, such as exposure to toxic chemicals or infectious materials, unsanitary conditions, excessive noise levels, extreme temperatures, or mechanical dangers
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
a division of the U.S. Department of Labor that oversees the administration of the Act and enforces standards in all 50 states
Whistleblower Laws
Anti-retaliation stipulations that employers are prohibited from taking any adverse action against employees for filing complaints or raising awareness of dangerous or illegal activities
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
As a result, eligible employees are afforded up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave during any 12-month period for childbirth, adoption, foster care placement, or care for oneself or an immediate family member (child, spouse, parent) for a serious health condition
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938
bars individuals under the age of 18 from working in hazardous occupations such as coal mining, demolition and excavation operations, and jobs that may lead to exposure to radioactive substances
Child Labor
The pattern of compelling children under the age of 15 to perform labor that is harmful to their overall health and/or psychological well-being
6 elements of organizational structure
1) departmentalization 2) specialization 3) chain of command 4) centralization 5) span of control 6) formalization
