Gyroscope

Question 1

Gyroscope Propriety

Answer 1

rigidity in space maintaining its axis in a fixed direction in space
precession - the reaction fo a force applied is 90° of spin direction

Question 2

Precession

Answer 2

it is proportional to the applied Torque but inverse to RPM and Moment Inertia.

PRECESSION and RIGIDITY are proportional inverse

formula

Wp= F * d/wmr^2

Question 3

Rigidity

Answer 3

it is the combination of Moment of Inertia and RPM
the formule is w*m*r^2
r arm gyro
m is the mass
w angular velocity
r^2 m = inertia

Question 4

Degree of freedom

Answer 4

Directional Gyro 3 Plane of freedom 2 degree
Vertical Gyro 3 Plane freedom 2 degree
Raet Gyro 2 3 Plane of freedom 1 degree

Question 5

Wander

Answer 5

movement from the original orientation, it is divide in :
Real - manufactor error - force applied
Apparent -divide in
Earth rate
Trapnport Wander - change in Lat and long
Topple - movement on the Vertical axis
Drift - Moment of the Horizontal axis

Question 6

Directional Gyro

Answer 6

Apparent Drift
calculate with 15 * sin lat/h
In the NH the drift is to E, so the correction is negative

Question 7

Vertical Gyro

Answer 7

Apparent Topple
calculate 15 * cos lat/h
Left in NH

Question 8

Type of Gyro

Answer 8

Displacment - measures angle 2 Gimbal and 2° of freedom (DGI, AH)
Space
Tied
Earth
Rate - measure angle of rate 1 Gimbal 1° of Freedom (Rate of Turn/coordinator and yaw dampers)

Question 9

Displacment Gyro

Answer 9

• Space gyros

- Tied Gyro

Question 10

Space Gyro

Answer 10

have gyroscopic inertia with reference to a point in space. They are free to wander and, if they
do, nothing corrects them back to their original datum. Space gyros need to be very accurate(expensive). They are used in Inertial Navigation Systems.

Question 11

Tied Gyro

Answer 11

they wander and are restored back to some orientation by an external force. Tied gyros are maintained in some particular attitude or direction rather than space. Ex the DGI of a RDGI is slaved to remain oriented to the magnetic north.

Question 12

Earth Gyro

Answer 12

An earth gyro is one which is maintained vertical or horizontal with respect to local gravity. The Artificial Horizon is an example.

Question 13

Construction

Answer 13

Turned Rotor - Tuned rotor gyros are the traditional ‘spinning disc’ type. DGI, AH
Ring Laser - work by comparing 2 light paths round a glass prism. Greater reliability, accuracy but expensive
Fibre Optic - Fibre optic gyros (FOGs) are an extension of the RLG principle

Question 14

Gyro turned

Answer 14

Air suction - engine-driven vacuum pump reduces the pressure in the instrument case
Electrical - Driven by a motor

Question 15

Air suction

Answer 15

Suction gyros are independent of electric power and s not affected by electrical failure. But moisture, dust, oil and grit in the airflow block the filter, giving variable
rotor rpm. At HA, pressure available may be insufficient to maintain rotor speed.

Question 16

Electrical

Answer 16

more expensive and heavier.They can be faster and have more M of inertia. The rotor rpm can be more rapidly achieved and then maintained more accurately.
Main gyro instruments are usually electric powered for greater accuracy, standby instruments are often air driven in order to still be available after a power failure.