Gynecological Dx Flashcards
Name all Dx methods used in gynecology. (5)
X-ray, USG, Hysteroscopy, Laparoscopy, Colposcopy
Which Dx methods are para-clinical & clinical?
- Para-clinical= X-ray, USG, Laparoscopy
- Clinical= Hysteroscopy, Colposcopy
For which pelvic pathologies is X-ray used? (5)
Calcified fibroids, IUCD (to locate those that perforate uterus), Malignancies, TB, Metastasis
Name different ways by which USG can be done.
Transabdominal, Transvaginal, Transrectal, Transperineal
TVS (transvaginal USG) is c/i in which patients?
Virgins, Females with stenosed vagina
Name pathologies for which USG can be used in gynecology? (10)
- Congenital anomalies of uterus (unicornuate, bicornuate, septate)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Endometrial lining
- Fibroids
- Cancers, polyps
- IUCD, PCOD, PID
- Hydrosalpinx, Pyosalpinx
- Diseases/ cancer of ovary
- Adnexal mass
- Cysts of ovaries
Color doppler USG is used to differentiate between which pathologies?
To differentiate between benign and malignant tumors
What are Tx uses of USG? (5)
- Drainage of cysts, abscess
- retrieval of IUCD & oocyte
- take biopsy
- MTP
- Evacuation of molar pregnancy
What are distending medias used in hysteroscopy?
- CO2
- Saline
What are Dx uses of hysteroscopy? (8)
- To study endocervical mucosal lining (endocervical malignancy, biopsy, staging of cervical cancer)
- congenital malformations of uterus
- menorrhagia, intermenstrual bleeding
- endometrial lesions, TB, polyps, cancer
- Asherman’s syndrome (adhesions in uterus)
- Cornual tubal blockage
- misplaced IUCD
- DUB
What are Tx uses of hysteroscopy?
- endometrial polypectomy
- Asherman’s syndrome
- embedded IUCD removal
- Tubal blockage Tx
- Septate uterus (septum excision)
- biopsy
- submucous fibroid removal
- AUB–> TCRE
- Tubal sterilzation
- Balloonoplasty
What are the c/i of hysteroscopy? (4)
- Pregnancy
- Infections
- During menstruation
- Cervical stenosis
What is used for distension in laparoscopy?
CO2
What are Dx uses of laparoscopy?
- Congenital mullerian malformations {mullerian agenesis= no uterus & variable degree of vaginal hypoplasia, MRKH syndrome (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser)}
- Infertility
- Pelvic endometriosis
- Tubal infertility
- Ovarian malignancies
What are the Tx uses of laparoscopy?
- Pelvic adhesiolysis
- Myomectomy
- Hysterectomy
- Salpingo-oophectomy
- Cystectomy (oovarian), avanotomy
- drilling in PCOD by laser/ cartery
- uterosacral nerve ablation in dysmenorrhea
- ectopic pregnancy
- tuboplasty
- hydro/pyosalpinx removal
Define colposcopy.
Microscopic binocular exam of cervix, vagina, vulva
What are Dx uses of colposcopy?
- to detect abnormal or cancerous growths in vulva, vagina, cervix
- abnormal pap smear of cervix
- abnormal area on vulva, vagina
- conisation
What are Tx uses of colposcopy?
Ablative therapy in CIN II, III
Which solutions are used in colposcopy and what do they reveal?
- Acetic acid= abnormal ares turn to acetowhite areas
- Schiller’s iodine= paler glycogen free cells are abnormal
- Lugol’s iodine= unstained areas are abnormal
