Gynecologic Pathology I - Vocab

Question 1

Menorrhagia

Answer 1

Excessive bleeding in both amount and duration of flow occurring at regular intervals

Question 2

Metrorrhagia

Answer 2

Bleeding, usually not heavy, occurring at irregular intervals

Question 3

Menometrorrhagia

Answer 3

Excessive bleeding with prolonged period of flow occurring at frequent and irregular intervals

Question 4

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 4

Painful menses

Question 5

Postmenopausal bleeding

Answer 5

Abnormal bleeding that occurs at least one year after menopause

Question 6

Bleeding, usually not heavy, occurring at irregular intervals

Answer 6

Metrorrhagia

Question 7

Excessive bleeding with prolonged period of flow occurring at frequent and irregular intervals

Answer 7

Menometrorrhagia

Question 8

Painful menses

Answer 8

Dysmenorrhea

Question 9

Polyp

Answer 9

Benign abnormal growth of the endometrium

Question 10

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

Answer 10

Alteration of the normal cyclical hormonal stimulation of the endometrium, with no underlying organic disorder, indicates ovulatory dysfunction

Question 11

Endometrial stripe

Answer 11

The endometrium is sometimes referred to as the endometrial stripe because it shows up as a dark stripe on transvaginal ultrasound. Its thickness can be an indicator of endometrial abnormality.

Question 12

When are endometrial polyps most common?

Answer 12

4th and 5th decades

Question 13

Are endometrial polyps malignant?

Answer 13

No, but carcinoma may be found within them.

Question 14

Benign smooth muscle tumor

Answer 14

Leiomyoma

Question 15

What is the most frequent tumor of the female genital tract?

Answer 15

Leiomyoma

Question 16

Malignant counterpart of leiomyoma. Most common pure sarcoma of the uterus.

Answer 16

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 17

Are leiomyosarcomas common or rare?

Answer 17

Rare: 2-3 of 1000 women with smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.

Question 18

Endometriosis

Answer 18

Endometrial tissue (both glands and stroma) outside the uterine cavity. Occurs in women in reproductive years.

Question 19

Three theories of endometriosis pathogenesis

Answer 19

1. Transplantation of endometrial fragments to ectopic sites 2. Metaplasia of the peritoneum 3. Induction of undifferentiated mesenchyme in ectopic sites to form endometriotic tissue

Question 20

Transplantation theory

Answer 20

Some menstrual products flow in retrograde fashion through the tubes into the peritoneal cavity

Question 21

Endometriosis: Black nodule

Answer 21

Advanced lesion with resolved bleeding

Question 22

Endometriosis: red/blue nodule

Answer 22

Fresh blood, active growth

Question 23

Endometriosis: Yellow/brown nodule

Answer 23

Blood breakdown products

Question 24

Dyspareunia

Answer 24

Painful sexual intercourse

Question 25

Hemoptysis

Answer 25

Expectoration (coughing up) of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs

Question 26

Buildup of fluid in the space between the lining of the abdomen and abdominal organs (the peritoneal cavity)

Answer 26

Ascites

Question 27

Expectoration of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs

Answer 27

Hemoptysis

Question 28

Fibroids

Answer 28

Leiomyoma