Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Question 1

Which of the following forms part of the HELLP mnemonic?

a) Haemolytic anaemia
b) Haemolysis
c) Proteinuria
d) Elevated Lipase
e) Low protein count

Answer 1

A.

HELLP syndrome:

Haemolytic anaemia

Elevated Liver enzymes

Low Platelet count

Question 2

What are the structural causes of vaginal bleeding in the non-pregnant patient?

Answer 2

PALM:

Polyps

Adenomyosis (the abnormal presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium)

Leiomyoma (fibroid)

Malignacies/hyperplasia

Question 3

What are the non-structural causes of vaginal bleeding in the non-pregnant patient?

Answer 3

E-COIN

Endometrial

Coagulopathy

Ovulatory

Iatrogenic

Not yet diagnosed

Question 4

Which of the following bHCGs (IU) would you expect to see a viable intrauterine pregnancy on TVUS?

a) 700
b) 1000
c) 1500
d) 2000
e) 3500

Answer 4

C.