Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obstetrics & Gynaecology > Gynaecological oncology > Flashcards

Gynaecological oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the pre-malignant condition of the cervix?

A

CIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What proportion of women will develop cervical cancer over the next 10 years if they leave CIN II/III untreated?

A

1/3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the RFs for CIN and cervical cancer?

A
  1. HPV exposure
  2. Oral contraceptives
  3. Smoking
  4. Immunocompromise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which strains are most commonly associated with HPV?

A

16, 18, 31, 33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which replication protein does HPV encode?

A

E1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which HPV strains does Gardasil protect against?

A

6, 11, 16, 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which strains of HPV are responsible for what proportion of cases of genital warts?

A

6 and 11 - responsible for 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What proportion of cases of cervical cancer do HPV strains 16 and 18 account for?

A

75% (and 75-80% of anal cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is CIN Dx?

A

Cervical smear = a histological Dx since women with CIN is asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is CIN I?

A

Atypical cells in the lower third of the epithelium only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is CIN II?

A

Atypical cells in the lower two thirds of the epithelium only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is CIN III?

A

Atypical cells found full thickness. Similar in appearance to malignant lesions, but do not invade the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Between what ages are women invited for 3-yearly cervical smears?

A

25-49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Between what ages are women invited for 5-yearly cervical smear?

A

50-64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Since the introduction of screening, by what % has cervical cancer cases dropped per year?

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What proportion of cervical smear samples are inadequate?

A

2.3%

17
Q

Why might a cervical smear sample be inadequate?

A

Sample vaginal rather than cervical; composed of endocervical cells; contains insufficient cells

18
Q

What proportion of adequate samples are abnormal?

A

6.5%

19
Q

How might a cervical sample be abnormal?

A 
Borderline changes - 3.5%
CIN I - 1.8%
CIN II - 0.5%
CIN III - 0.6%
Suspected invasive cancer or glandular neoplasia - 0.1%
20
Q

How is a woman with a borderline of CIN I result, who is HPV -ve, followed up?

A

Back to routine recall

21
Q

How is a woman with a borderline of CIN I result, who is HPV +ve, followed up?

A

Colposcopy (within 8wks), followed by screening at 6, 12 and 24 months

22
Q

How is a woman with CIN II or III followed up?

A

Colposcopy (within 4wks) + LLETZ, followed by screening at 6 and 12 months, and then annually for 9 years (i.e. 10 year F/U)

23
Q

How is neoplasia followed up?

A

Urgent colposcopy (within 2wks)

24
Q

How may cervical cancer present?

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. PCB
  3. IMB
  4. PMB
  5. Offensive PV discharge
25
Q

What are the two type of cervical cancer?

A
  1. Squamous carcinoma

2. Adenocarcinoma

26
Q

When does endometrial cancer tend to occur?

A

Highest prevalence at 60y/o, <15% occurring pre-menopausally

27
Q

What are the two most common types of endometrial cancer?

A
  1. Adenocarcinoma (>90%)

2. Adenosquamous carcinoma

28
Q

What are the RFs for endometrial cancer?

A
  1. Unopposed oestrogen excess - exogenous oestrogens, e.g. tamoxifen, and endogenous oestrogens, e.g. in obesity, PCOS, nullparity and late menopause
  2. DM
  3. HTN
  4. Lynch syndrome
29
Q

What is the most common presentation of endometrial cancer?

A

PMB

30
Q

What tends to be cause of death in ovarian cancer?

A

Bowel obstruction and/or perforation

31
Q

What are the protective factors for ovarian cancer?

A
  1. COCP
  2. Tubal ligation
  3. Pregnancy
  4. Breast feeding
32
Q

What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?

A
  1. Nullparity
  2. Non-breast feeding
  3. Infertility
  4. Total menstrual years
  5. FHx
  6. Unopposed exogenous oestrogen
33
Q

What are the 3 types of ovarian tumours?

A
  1. Epithelial tumours - accounts for 90% of ovarian malignancies
  2. Germ cell tumours
  3. Sex cord tumours
34
Q

How may ovarian cancers present?

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Bloating
  3. Early satiety
  4. Anorexia
  5. Pain (uncommon)
  6. Urinary uregency/frequency
35
Q

What blood marker should be measured in suspected ovarian cancer?

A

CA-125

36
Q

What factors does the risk of malignancy index (RMI) take into account?

A
  1. U = USS
  2. M = menopausal status
  3. CA125
37
Q

A patient complaining of a lump in their ‘privates’ may be suffering from what?

A
  1. Syphilitic chancre
  2. Vulval warts
  3. Bartholin’s gland cyst
  4. Bartholin’s abscess
  5. Congenital vaginal cyst
  6. Carcinoma of the vulva
  7. Carcinoma of the vagina

Obstetrics & Gynaecology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions