Gynaecological anatomy Flashcards
What is vulva?
Entrance to the vaginal and urethra
Structures which surround them (clitoris, labia minor and fouchetete and the labia major and perineum
Hymen when broken leaves tags at mouth of vainga (caruncular myrtiformes
What is the vagina?
Potential space with distensible folded muscular walls
Contents of rectum are palpable through vaigna
Cervix projects into the vault at the top which forms a moat around it, deepest posteriorly
Divided into antidote posterior and lateral fornices
Lactobacilli keep the vagina acidic (pH 3.8-4.4) discouraging infection
What is the cervix?
Connective tissue
Feels firm and has a dent in centre (opening or os of cervical canal
Mucin secreting glands of endocervix lubrivate the vagina
Os is circular in nulliparous but a slit in porous
Pain on moving the cervix = cervical excitation
What is the uterus?
Thick muscular walled body made from myometrium lined internally with columnar epithelium (endometrium)
Connected to cervix
Supported by uterosacral, cardinal and round ligaments
Peritoneum is draped over uterus
Valley formed between uterus and rectum is rectovaginal pouch (pouch of Douglas)
Fold of peritoneum in which Fallopian tubes lie is the broad ligament
Size of uterus is vatiable
Anteverted - long axis is directed forward - body flops forwards onto cervix - fanteflexed
In 20% it is retroverted, retroflexed and mobile
Fixed retroverted uterus is abnormal - adhesions caused by endomtriosis/PID
What is pouch of douglas?
Peritoneum is draped over uterus
Valley formed between uterus and rectum is rectovaginal pouch (pouch of Douglas)
What do you look for in uterus?
Postion
Mobility
Size
Tenderness
What are adnexal?
Fallopian tubes, ovaries and associated connective tissue (parametric)
Palpated bimanually in the lateral fornices and if normal may not be felt
Ocaries are size of grape and may lie in pouch of douglas
