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GYN FINAL (past tests) Flashcards

1
Q

Which term defines the physiologic process of growing new vessels?

A

Angiogenesis

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2
Q

The doppler measurement takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak.

A

Pourcelot resistive index

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3
Q

Which vessel carries blood to the uterus?

A

Uterine artery

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4
Q

Which of the following is a quantitative method of doppler analysis?

A

Systolic and diastolic ratio

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5
Q

Select the definition of a low-resistance arterial flow.

A

High systole, high diastole

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6
Q

Select the optimal angle of incidence to obtain a spectral tracing.

A

60 degrees

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7
Q

Where does the uterine artery anastomoses with the ovarian artery?

A

At the uterine cornua

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8
Q

Select the normal flow velocity in the nongravid uterine artery.

A

5 to 10 cm/sec

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9
Q

Which of the following describes spectral doppler flow found surrounding the corpus luteal cyst?

A

Low-resistance flow

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10
Q

What is a vascular plexus of arteries and veins without an intervening capillary network?

A

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

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11
Q

Select the term describing the increase in adrenal gland activity seen at the onset of puberty.

A

Adrenarche

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12
Q

Where does a rhabdomyosarcoma develop?

A

In straited or skeletal muscle

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13
Q

What results in an individual with an X and O chromosome?

A

Turner syndrome

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14
Q

Select the sonographic findings for an ovarian malignancy

A

Cystic with multiple septations

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15
Q

Select the formula to calculate ovarian volume.

A

L x W x H x 0.523

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16
Q

What is the most common malignant lesion of the vagina in the pediatric patient?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

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17
Q

Select the increased laboratory finding that corresponds to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

A

White blood cell (WBC)

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18
Q

Which of the following describes hydrometra in the pediatric patient?

A

Anechoic fluid collection within the uterus

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19
Q

What pathology demonstrates prominent arterial flow?

A

Dysgerminoma

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20
Q

Select the term describing the failure of a woman to ovulate.

A

Anovulation

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21
Q

Choose the definition for a blood-filled ovarian cyst resulting from endometrial implants.

A

Endometrioma

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22
Q

Which of the following is a fluid-filled mass located in the cervical canal?

A

Nabothian cyst

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23
Q

Which of the following is a focal area of decreased echogenicity within the myometrium?

A

Leiomyoma

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24
Q

Select the physiologic ovarian cyst.

A

Theca Lutein

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25
Q

Which of the following is an acquired condition associated with polycystic ovaries?

A

Cushing syndrome

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26
Q

Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of a mature teratoma?

A

Echogenic foci with fluid/solid levels

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27
Q

A 35 year-old woman presents with an acute onset of pain bloating and a palable mass. During the sonographic examination, a unilocular mass with low-level debris and thin wall is observed. What is the most likely differnential for these findings?

A

Serous cystadenoma

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28
Q

An 8 year-old presents to the emergency department with a history of early onset of puberty, increasing abdominal girth, breast tenderness, and right sided pain. During the sonographic examination, a unilateral, multiloculated, 8 cm mass with low-level internal echoes images. What is the most likely differnetial for these findings?

A

Granulosa cell tumor

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29
Q

Select the most common benign ovarian neoplasm.

A

Cystic teratoma

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30
Q

Identify the sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the patient with Asherman syndrome.

A

Whorled internal architecture of a mass

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31
Q

A full bladder can cause suboptimal angles for doppler in the uterine artery. (T/F)

A

True

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32
Q

Suspicion for vascular occlusion occurs when a low resistance pattern is detected where flow resistance is normally seen. (T/F)

A

False

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33
Q

Normal arterial flow is seen as:

A

alternating quick uptake systolic peak followed by a lower diastolic flow

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34
Q

The functional layer of the endometrium is supplied by the straight artery. (T/F)

A

False

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35
Q

An arteriovenous malformation :

A

is typically acquired through surgery or trauma

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36
Q

The best description of classic ovarian torsion is

A

an enlarged, edematous ovary with multiple small peripheral follicles and little or no vascular flow

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37
Q

Complex masses of the pelvis are:

A

difficult to discriminate because benign and malignant characteristics can be similar

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38
Q

The best method to visualize an adolescent vagina is by:

A

TA us

39
Q

The most common urinary tract tumor discovered in the pediatric community is:

A

rhabomyosarcoma

40
Q

Select the sonographic appearance for a leiomyoma.

A

Whorled internal architecture of a mass

41
Q

Select the least common gynecology malignancy.

A

Fallopian tube carcinoma

42
Q

Identify the risk factor associated with endometrial cancer.

A

Unopposed estrogen

43
Q

Tamoxaphin therapy for breast cancer raises the risks of _________

A

leiomyosarcoma development

44
Q

Which of the following is used to help stage endometrial carcinoma?

A

Involvement of the cervix

45
Q

Choose the differential for sonogrpahic findings of hydrosalpinx in a 50 year old female patient.

A

Fallopian tube carcinoma

46
Q

A rapid increase in uterine mass in a 30 year old woman raises suspicion for__

A

Leiomyosarcoma

47
Q

Postcoital bleeding is a symptom of _________________ cancer.

A

cervical

48
Q

What type of uterine malformation results in daughters of dethylstibestrol (DES) users?

A

T-shaped

49
Q

Select the karyotype see with a partial mole.

A

69XXX

50
Q

The extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of a(n)_____

A

invasive mole

51
Q

Select the ovarian cyst that occurs with one-fourth of patients with placental trophoblastic disease.

A

Theca-lutein

52
Q

Select the drug that increases the risk of endometrial cancer.

A

Tamoxifen

53
Q

Which of the following is a sonographic finding for uterine sarcomas?

A

Rapidly growing heterogeneous mass

54
Q

Which of the following is a tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast or ovarian carcinoma?

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

55
Q

Identify the malignant ovarian tumor that is the result of metastasis to the ovary.

A

Krukenberg tumor

56
Q

Which of the following is pseudomyxoma peritonel?

A

Mucinous material accumulation within the peritoneal cavity

57
Q

Which of the following increases a womans risk for developing ovarian cancer?

A

15 year history of postmenopausal estrogen therapy

58
Q

Which neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgenesis?

A

Dysgerminoma

59
Q

Choose the least common malignant ovarian cancer.

A

Androblastoma

60
Q

An 18 year old presents to the department with complaints of intermittent left lower quadrant pain. Though she has not missed any periods, her clinician ran a regnancy test and it came up positive. The sonographic exam revealed a solid mass with calcifications and multiple small cysts in the left side apart from the uterus. What is the most likely cause for these findings?

A

Immature teratoma

61
Q

Which form of ovarian cancer demonstrated prominent color doppler flow in septations?

A

Epithelial

62
Q

Select the term describing painful menstruation.

A

Dysmenorrhea

63
Q

Which of the following is implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus?

A

Endometriosis

64
Q

Which term describes an infection of the fallopian tube?

A

Salpingitis

65
Q

Which is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Pyosalpinx

66
Q

Select the complication of endometriosis

A

Endometrioma

67
Q

Which of the following area becomes infected with stage 2 pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Salpingitis

68
Q

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Cervical motion tenderness

69
Q

Select the etiology for pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Ascending infection

70
Q

Choose the term which describes the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue.

A

Endometriosis

71
Q

How does the fallopian tube image in a patient with stage 2 pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Hypoechoic with a cogwheel appearance

72
Q

How do the fallopain tube and ovary image with acute tubo-ovarian complex?

A

Ill defined with a large adhered ovary

73
Q

Which of the following are sonographic signs of endometriosis?

A

Discrete adnexal mass with peripheral doppler flow

74
Q

The sonographic appearance of the chinease ring IUD is a hyperechoic ā€œSā€ shaped divice. (T/S)

A

False

75
Q

The sonographic appearance of the Lippes Loop IUD is a curved structure within the endometrium with posterior shadowing. (T/S)

A

True

76
Q

The sonographic appearance of the Lippes Loop IUD is a curved structure within the endometrium with posterior shadowing. (T/S)

A

true

77
Q

The two types of IUCD are copper and hormone-based (LING-IUD). (T/S)

A

True

78
Q

Transcervical tubal occlusion device is a form of permanent contraception using metallic coils or a silicone plug to obstruct the fallopian tubes. (T/S)

A

True

79
Q

Myometrial penetration outside the endometrial cavity with an intact serosa

A

Embedment

80
Q

Complete or partial migration through the external cervical device

A

Expulsion

81
Q

Positioning or rotation within the lower uterine cavity or cervix

A

Displacement

82
Q

Complete or partial invasion through the myometrium and serosa

A

Perforation/Extrauterine

83
Q

Least common gyn malignancy

A

Fallopian tube carcinoma

84
Q

The triple line (three line sign) indicates the _________________ stage.

A

Late proliferative

85
Q

During late proliferative phase, the endometrium thickens to approximately:

A

5-11 mm

86
Q

During what phase of the menstrual cycle do follicles become dominant?

A

Follicular phase

87
Q

A uterus in a young girl would:

A

Appear cylindrical

88
Q

What layer of the endometrium is shed every month during menstruation?

A

Stratum functionalis

89
Q

What cells produce a gender appearance?

A

primordial germ cells

90
Q

gender (sex) is determined at approximately:

A

44-48 days

91
Q

what hormone is absent in the female fetus that causes regression of the mesonephric ducts

A

male inducer substance

92
Q

The vaginal fornices surround the end of the:

A

Cervix

93
Q

Cysts of the cervix are caused by occluded cervical glands and are known as:

A

Nabothian cysts

gyn (7 decks)

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